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托福高级词汇 - 身体状况和受伤

在这里您将学习托福考试所需的一些有关身体状况和受伤的英语单词,例如“sore”、“seizure”、“ulcer”等。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
abnormality
[名词]

‌an unusual feature in someone's body or behavior that may be harmful, caused by duplication or deletion of a single gene

异常, 畸形

异常, 畸形

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blister
[名词]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

水泡, 水疱

水泡, 水疱

Ex: In severe cases , large or blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .
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sore
[名词]

a painful spot on the skin, which is usually red or infectious

伤口, 痛点

伤口, 痛点

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malady
[名词]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

疾病, 痛苦

疾病, 痛苦

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .
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irritation
[名词]

a feeling of pain or discomfort in a part of the body that is swollen or sensitive, often caused by allergens, chemicals, or injuries

刺激, 不适

刺激, 不适

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affliction
[名词]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

痛苦, 折磨

痛苦, 折磨

Ex: affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .
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episode
[名词]

a period of time it takes one to go through a disease

发作, 病程

发作, 病程

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ailment
[名词]

an illness, often a minor one

疾病, 小病

疾病, 小病

Ex: The clinic offers treatment for a wide range ailments, from allergies to chronic conditions .
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concussion
[名词]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

脑震荡, 颅脑损伤

脑震荡, 颅脑损伤

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of concussion and rule out any potential complications .
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spasm
[名词]

a sudden, uncontrollable tightening or contraction of a muscle

痉挛, 抽搐

痉挛, 抽搐

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seizure
[名词]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

癫痫发作, 突然发作

癫痫发作, 突然发作

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle seizure episode at home .
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rupture
[名词]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

破裂, 断裂

破裂, 断裂

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing .
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malaise
[名词]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

不适, 烦闷

不适, 烦闷

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .
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trauma
[名词]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

创伤, 损伤

创伤, 损伤

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and trauma.
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paralysis
[名词]

a complete or partial loss of the ability to move and feel different parts of one's body, mainly caused by disease or an injury to the nerves

瘫痪, 麻痹

瘫痪, 麻痹

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cramp
[名词]

a sudden painful contraction in a muscle due to fatigue

痉挛, 抽筋

痉挛, 抽筋

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miscarriage
[名词]

the unexpected or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to survive independently

流产, 小产

流产, 小产

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ulcer
[名词]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

溃疡,  ulcers

溃疡, ulcers

Ex: The endoscopy revealed ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .
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cyst
[名词]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

囊肿, 囊泡

囊肿, 囊泡

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constipation
[名词]

a medical condition in which one has difficulty emptying one's bowels

便秘, 大便困难

便秘, 大便困难

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diarrhea
[名词]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

腹泻, 泄泻

腹泻, 泄泻

Ex: diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .
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benign
[形容词]

(of an ilness) not fatal or harmful

良性的, 无害的

良性的, 无害的

Ex: The veterinarian informed the pet owner that the lump on their dog 's paw benign and did not require surgery .
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malignant
[形容词]

(of a tumor or disease) uncontrollable and likely to be fatal

恶性的,  malignant(用于描述肿瘤或疾病时)

恶性的, malignant(用于描述肿瘤或疾病时)

Ex: The oncologist recommended a combination of chemotherapy and radiation to combat malignant disease .
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chronic
[形容词]

(of an illness) difficult to cure and long-lasting

慢性, 长期性

慢性, 长期性

Ex: Sarahchronic migraine headaches often last for days , despite trying different medications .
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cancerous
[形容词]

related to or characterized by the presence of cancer, a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

癌性的, 肿瘤的

癌性的, 肿瘤的

Ex: Lifestyle factors such as smoking and poor diet can increase the risk of cancerous conditions .
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contagious
[形容词]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

传染性的,  contagious的

传染性的, contagious的

Ex: Quarantine measures were implemented to contain the outbreak of contagious virus in the community .
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hereditary
[形容词]

(of a disease or characteristic) able to be passed on to a child through the genes of its parents

遗传的, 世袭的

遗传的, 世袭的

Ex: The genetic counselor highlighted the hereditary patterns in the family's health history.
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congenital
[形容词]

having a disease since birth that is not necessarily hereditary

先天性的, 天生的

先天性的, 天生的

Ex: Tomcongenital hearing loss was detected shortly after birth during a newborn screening .
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septic
[形容词]

(of a body part or wound) infected by harmful bacteria

脓毒性的, 感染性的

脓毒性的, 感染性的

Ex: He had to undergo surgery to address septic infection in his leg .
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terminal
[形容词]

(of an illness) having no cure and gradually leading to death

末期的, 晚期的

末期的, 晚期的

Ex: Emily 's grandfatherterminal condition made it difficult for him to perform even simple daily tasks .
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pathological
[形容词]

relating to or caused by an illness or disease

病理的, 病态的

病理的, 病态的

Ex: pathological findings confirmed the presence of a rare genetic disorder .
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diabetic
[形容词]

having a health condition marked by an impaired ability to regulate blood sugar levels

糖尿病的, 与糖尿病相关的

糖尿病的, 与糖尿病相关的

Ex: Diabetic individuals should be vigilant about foot care to prevent complications like ulcers and infections .
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comatose
[形容词]

being in a state of coma or relating to coma

昏迷的, 昏迷状态的

昏迷的, 昏迷状态的

Ex: The novel described a character who was comatose after a severe head injury.
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to aggravate
[动词]

to make a problem, situation, or condition worse or more serious

Ex: aggravated the injury when proper care was not taken .
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to recover from a disease or injury

恢复, 康复

恢复, 康复

Ex: The athlete underwent intensive physical therapy to help recuperate from his sports injury and return to competition .
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remission
[名词]

a period during which a patient's condition improves and the symptoms seem less severe

缓解期, 缓解阶段

缓解期, 缓解阶段

Ex: He celebrated his fifth year remission from leukemia , grateful for the advances in treatment that made his recovery possible .
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pathogen
[名词]

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 致病微生物

病原体, 致病微生物

Ex: pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .
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inflammation
[名词]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

炎症, 发炎

炎症, 发炎

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to sustain
[动词]

to suffer or undergo something irritating, especially an injury, disease, etc.

承受, 遭受

承受, 遭受

Ex: sustained a back injury after lifting the heavy box .
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to succumb
[动词]

to die as a result of a disease or injury

死于, 因...而死

死于, 因...而死

Ex: The patient eventually succumbed to the severe illness despite the treatment.
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