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Le livre Total English - Intermédiaire - Unité 8 - Référence

Ici, vous trouverez le vocabulaire de l'Unité 8 - Référence dans le manuel Total English Intermediate, comme "drill", "commerce équitable", "congestion", etc.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
career
[nom]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

carrière

carrière

Ex: He's had a successful career in finance, working for various investment firms. 

Il a eu une carrière réussie dans la finance, travaillant pour diverses sociétés d'investissement.

climate change

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

changement climatique

changement climatique

Ex: Climate change is causing shifts in agricultural practices. 

Le changement climatique provoque des changements dans les pratiques agricoles.

political
political
[Adjectif]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

politique

politique

Ex: She pursued a career in political science to better understand the workings of government and public policy. 

Elle a poursuivi une carrière en sciences politiques pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du gouvernement et des politiques publiques.

arrangement

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

accord

accord

Ex: The team made arrangements for the event before the deadline. 

L'équipe a pris des dispositions pour l'événement avant la date limite.

hairstyle

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

coiffure

coiffure

Ex: His new hairstyle gave him a more modern look. 

Sa nouvelle coiffure lui a donné un look plus moderne.

tune
tune
[nom]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

air

air

Ex: He whistled a familiar tune as he walked through the park. 

Il siffla un air familier en marchant dans le parc.

against
against
[préposition]

in opposition to someone or something

contre

contre

Ex: She has been fighting against discrimination for years. 

Elle se bat contre la discrimination depuis des années.

law
law
[nom]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

loi, législation

loi, législation

Ex: The police officer explained the traffic laws to the new driver. 

L'officier de police a expliqué les lois de la circulation au nouveau conducteur.

appeal
appeal
[nom]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

appel

appel

Ex: The court denied his appeal due to lack of evidence. 

Le tribunal a rejeté son appel en raison d'un manque de preuves.

banned
banned
[Adjectif]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

interdit,  banni

interdit, banni

to arrest
to arrest
[verbe]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arrêter

arrêter

Ex: Law enforcement agencies may arrest individuals suspected of drug trafficking. 

Les forces de l'ordre peuvent arrêter des individus soupçonnés de trafic de drogue.

fine
fine
[nom]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

amende, contravention

amende, contravention

Ex: The court imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations. 

Le tribunal a imposé une amende à l'entreprise pour violations environnementales.

illegal
illegal
[Adjectif]

forbidden by the law

illégal

illégal

Ex: It's illegal to drive a car without a valid driver's license. 

Il est illégal de conduire une voiture sans un permis de conduire valide.

architecture

the study or art of building and designing houses

architecture

architecture

Ex: His passion for architecture began at a young age, inspired by visiting historic cathedrals and castles. 

Sa passion pour l'architecture a commencé à un jeune âge, inspirée par la visite de cathédrales et de châteaux historiques.

building

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

bâtiment

bâtiment

Ex: She lives on the third floor of a residential building. 

Elle vit au troisième étage d'un immeuble résidentiel.

congestion

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

embouteillage, encombrement

embouteillage, encombrement

Ex: The congestion in the city center made it difficult to find parking. 

L'embouteillage dans le centre-ville a rendu difficile la recherche d'une place de parking.

construction

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

construction

construction

Ex: Noise from the construction site disturbed the neighborhood. 

Le bruit du chantier construction a dérangé le quartier.

to drill
to drill
[verbe]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

percer, forer

percer, forer

Ex: She drilled a hole in the wall to hang a painting. 

Elle a percé un trou dans le mur pour accrocher un tableau.

exhaust fumes

waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

fumées d'échappement, gaz d'échappement

fumées d'échappement, gaz d'échappement

Ex: Workers installed ventilation fans to clear the warehouse of diesel exhaust fumes. 

Les travailleurs ont installé des ventilateurs d'aération pour débarrasser l'entrepôt des fumées d'échappement diesel.

heat wave

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

vague de chaleur

vague de chaleur

Ex: During the recent heat wave, temperatures soared to record highs, making it difficult for people to go outside. 

Pendant la vague de chaleur récente, les températures ont atteint des records, rendant difficile pour les gens de sortir.

horn
horn
[nom]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

klaxon, avertisseur

klaxon, avertisseur

Ex: The car's horn was so loud it startled everyone nearby. 

Le klaxon de la voiture était si fort qu'il a surpris tout le monde à proximité.

to honk
to honk
[verbe]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

klaxonner, sonner du klaxon

klaxonner, sonner du klaxon

Ex: The excited children honked the bicycle horn as they rode through the neighborhood. 

Les enfants excités klaxonnaient avec la sonnette de vélo en traversant le quartier.

rush hour

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

heure de pointe

heure de pointe

Ex: The highway was congested during rush hour, causing a long delay for commuters. 

L'autoroute était encombrée pendant l'heure de pointe, causant un long retard pour les navetteurs.

terribly
terribly
[Adverbe]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

horriblement mal, affreusement mal, très mal

horriblement mal, affreusement mal, très mal

Ex: The car was terribly damaged in the crash. 

La voiture était terriblement endommagée dans l'accident.

tower block

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

tour, tour d'habitation

tour, tour d'habitation

Ex: The tower block has 20 floors and hundreds of residents. 

Le gratte-ciel a 20 étages et des centaines de résidents.

traffic jam

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

embouteillage, bouchon

embouteillage, bouchon

Ex: She turned on the radio to pass the time during the traffic jam. 

Elle a allumé la radio pour passer le temps pendant l'embouteillage.

conflict

tension or opposition between two simultaneous, incompatible feelings

désaccord, se contredire

désaccord, se contredire

Ex: Her excitement clashed with a sense of fear, creating inner conflict. 

Son excitation s'est heurtée à un sentiment de peur, créant un conflit intérieur.

to cure
to cure
[verbe]

to make someone regain their health

guérir

guérir

Ex: Medical advancements have led to the development of vaccines that can cure certain diseases. 

Les avancées médicales ont conduit au développement de vaccins qui peuvent guérir certaines maladies.

debt
debt
[nom]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

dette

dette

Ex: They were struggling under the weight of mounting debt and needed to seek financial advice. 

Ils luttaient sous le poids d'une dette croissante et devaient chercher des conseils financiers.

disease
disease
[nom]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

maladie

maladie

Ex: Many diseases can be prevented through vaccination. 

De nombreuses maladies peuvent être évitées grâce à la vaccination.

fair trade

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

commerce équitable

commerce équitable

global warming

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

réchauffement de la planète

réchauffement de la planète

Ex: Reducing carbon emissions can help slow global warming. 

Réduire les émissions de carbone peut aider à ralentir le réchauffement climatique.

farming
farming
[nom]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

agriculture

agriculture

Ex: Farming is a practice that connects us with the earth and its seasons. 

L'agriculture est une pratique qui nous connecte avec la terre et ses saisons.

mortality rate

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

taux de mortalité, ratio de mortalité

taux de mortalité, ratio de mortalité

organic
organic
[Adjectif]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organique

organique

Ex: Choosing organic produce helps reduce exposure to harmful chemicals and promotes environmental sustainability. 

Choisir des produits biologiques aide à réduire l'exposition aux produits chimiques nocifs et favorise la durabilité environnementale.

peace
peace
[nom]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

paix

paix

Ex: The ceasefire brought a temporary halt to hostilities, allowing civilians to finally experience a peace. 

Le cessez-le-feu a apporté un arrêt temporaire des hostilités, permettant aux civils de enfin connaître une paix.

pollution

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

pollution

pollution

Ex: Air pollution from nearby factories made the city’s air quality dangerously low. 

La pollution de l'air provenant des usines voisines a rendu la qualité de l'air de la ville dangereusement basse.

poverty
poverty
[nom]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

pauvreté

pauvreté

Ex: The government is working on policies to reduce poverty in rural communities. 

Le gouvernement travaille sur des politiques pour réduire la pauvreté dans les communautés rurales.

recycling

the process of making waste products usable again

recyclage

recyclage

Ex: He teaches children about the benefits of recycling. 

Il enseigne aux enfants les avantages du recyclage.

solar power

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

énergie solaire, puissance solaire

énergie solaire, puissance solaire

Ex: Solar power is an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. 

L'énergie solaire est une alternative écologique aux combustibles fossiles.

standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

niveau de vie

niveau de vie

Ex: The government's social policies aim to enhance the standard of living by providing affordable housing and healthcare to low-income families. 
war
war
[nom]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

guerre

guerre

Ex: The two nations have been at war for many years. 

Les deux nations sont en guerre depuis de nombreuses années.

wealth
wealth
[nom]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

richesse, fortune

richesse, fortune

Ex: The country's oil reserves generated enormous wealth over the past decade. 
to promote
to promote
[verbe]

to move to a higher position or rank

promouvoir

promouvoir

Ex: The company promotes employees based on their skills and contributions. 

L'entreprise promouvoit les employés en fonction de leurs compétences et contributions.

to offer
to offer
[verbe]

to present or propose something to someone

proposer, offrir

proposer, offrir

Ex: The company decided to offer a special discount to loyal customers. 
promotion

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

promotion

promotion

Ex: After the promotion, he started leading team meetings. 

Après la promotion, il a commencé à diriger les réunions d'équipe.

alternative

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

choix, possibilité

choix, possibilité

Ex: The teacher gave us two alternatives for the final project: a presentation or a research paper. 

Le professeur nous a donné deux alternatives pour le projet final : une présentation ou un mémoire de recherche.

to quit
to quit
[verbe]

to give up your job, school, etc.

quitter

quitter

Ex: If the stress becomes too much, I might quit. 

Si le stress devient trop important, je pourrais quitter.

to regret
to regret
[verbe]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

regretter, se repentir

regretter, se repentir

Ex: He regretted not spending more time with his family when he had the chance. 

Il regrettait de ne pas avoir passé plus de temps avec sa famille quand il en avait l'occasion.

to [take] the plunge

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

se lancer, oser franchir le pas

se lancer, oser franchir le pas

Ex: I was nervous about writing the book, but I took the plunge last summer. 

J'avais peur d'écrire le livre, mais je me suis lancé l'été dernier.

volunteer

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

bénévole,  volontaire

bénévole, volontaire

Ex: The event relied heavily on volunteers to help with setup, registration, and cleanup. 

L'événement a compté fortement sur les bénévoles pour aider à la préparation, l'inscription et le nettoyage.

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