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Le livre Total English - Intermédiaire - Unité 8 - Référence

Ici, vous trouverez le vocabulaire de l'Unité 8 - Référence dans le manuel Total English Intermediate, comme "drill", "commerce équitable", "congestion", etc.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
[nom]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

carrière

carrière

Ex: He 's had a diverse career, including stints as a musician and a graphic designer .Il a eu une **carrière** diversifiée, comprenant des passages en tant que musicien et graphiste.

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

changement climatique

changement climatique

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .Les effets du **changement climatique** sont évidents dans nos modèles météorologiques changeants.
political
[Adjectif]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

politique

politique

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .Les médias jouent un rôle crucial en informant le public sur les développements **politiques** et en tenant les élus responsables.

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

accord

accord

Ex: The arrangement for the wedding ceremony was very detailed .L'**arrangement** pour la cérémonie de mariage était très détaillé.

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

coiffure

coiffure

Ex: They experimented with different hairstyles until they found the perfect one .Ils ont expérimenté avec différentes **coiffures** jusqu'à ce qu'ils trouvent la parfaite.
tune
[nom]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

air

air

Ex: He can play almost any tune on his guitar by ear .Il peut jouer presque n'importe quelle **mélodie** à l'oreille sur sa guitare.
against
[préposition]

in opposition to someone or something

contre

contre

Ex: We must protect the environment against pollution .Nous devons protéger l'environnement **contre** la pollution.
law
[nom]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

loi, législation

loi, législation

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.Il est important de connaître vos droits en vertu de la **loi**.
appeal
[nom]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

appel

appel

Ex: The Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal.La Cour suprême a accepté d'entendre l'**appel**.
banned
[Adjectif]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

interdit,  banni

interdit, banni

to arrest
[verbe]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arrêter

arrêter

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .Les autorités **arrêtent** actuellement des suspects sur les lieux du crime.
fine
[nom]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

amende, contravention

amende, contravention

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .Le juge a imposé une **amende** à l'entreprise pour violations environnementales.
illegal
[Adjectif]

forbidden by the law

illégal

illégal

Ex: Employers who discriminate against employees based on race or gender are engaging in illegal behavior .Les employeurs qui discriminent les employés en fonction de leur race ou de leur genre se livrent à un comportement **illégal**.

the study or art of building and designing houses

architecture

architecture

Ex: She was drawn to architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .Elle a été attirée par l'**architecture** en raison de son mélange unique de créativité, de compétence technique et de résolution de problèmes dans l'environnement bâti.

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

bâtiment

bâtiment

Ex: The workers construct the building from the ground up .Les travailleurs construisent le **bâtiment** à partir de zéro.

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

embouteillage, encombrement

embouteillage, encombrement

Ex: Traffic congestion is a major issue during the holidays.La **congestion** routière est un problème majeur pendant les vacances.

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

construction

construction

Ex: Road construction caused delays in traffic.La **construction** routière a causé des retards dans la circulation.
to drill
[verbe]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

percer, forer

percer, forer

Ex: The mechanic drilled holes in the car's chassis to install the new parts.Le mécanicien a **percé** des trous dans le châssis de la voiture pour installer les nouvelles pièces.

the toxic gases and particles that are released from the exhaust system of a vehicle and other sources

fumées d'échappement, gaz d'échappement

fumées d'échappement, gaz d'échappement

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

vague de chaleur

vague de chaleur

Ex: During a heat wave, it ’s important to check on elderly neighbors who may be more vulnerable to extreme temperatures .Pendant une **vague de chaleur**, il est important de vérifier l'état des voisins âgés qui peuvent être plus vulnérables aux températures extrêmes.
horn
[nom]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

klaxon, avertisseur

klaxon, avertisseur

Ex: She tapped the horn to let the driver in front know the light had turned green .Elle a tapé sur le **klaxon** pour faire savoir au conducteur devant que le feu était passé au vert.
to honk
[verbe]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

klaxonner, sonner du klaxon

klaxonner, sonner du klaxon

Ex: She honks to greet her friend waiting on the sidewalk .Elle **klaxonne** pour saluer son ami qui attend sur le trottoir.

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

heure de pointe

heure de pointe

Ex: She planned her errands around rush hour to avoid getting stuck in traffic .Elle a planifié ses courses autour de **l'heure de pointe** pour éviter de rester coincée dans les embouteillages.
terribly
[Adverbe]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

horriblement mal, affreusement mal, très mal

horriblement mal, affreusement mal, très mal

Ex: She was terribly treated by the staff .Elle a été **terriblement** maltraitée par le personnel.

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

tour, tour d'habitation

tour, tour d'habitation

Ex: The view from the top of the tower block is breathtaking .La vue depuis le sommet du **gratte-ciel** est à couper le souffle.

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

embouteillage, bouchon

embouteillage, bouchon

Ex: The traffic jam cleared up after the accident was cleared from the road .L'**embouteillage** s'est dissipé après que l'accident a été dégagé de la route.

a state of frustration or anxiety caused by opposing desires or feelings at the same time

désaccord, se contredire

désaccord, se contredire

Ex: The conflict within her , torn between forgiveness and resentment , was palpable .Le **conflit** en elle, déchirée entre le pardon et le ressentiment, était palpable.
to cure
[verbe]

to make someone regain their health

guérir

guérir

Ex: If the clinical trial is successful , the treatment will likely cure the disease .Si l'essai clinique est réussi, le traitement **guérira** probablement la maladie.
debt
[nom]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

dette

dette

Ex: He repaid his friend , feeling relieved to be free of the personal debt he had owed for so long .Il a remboursé son ami, se sentant soulagé d'être libéré de la **dette** personnelle qu'il devait depuis si longtemps.
disease
[nom]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

maladie

maladie

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .La **maladie** se propage rapidement à travers la population.

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

commerce équitable

commerce équitable

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

réchauffement de la planète

réchauffement de la planète

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .Le **réchauffement climatique** menace les écosystèmes et la faune.
farming
[nom]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

agriculture

agriculture

Ex: Through farming, she learned the importance of patience and hard work .À travers **l'agriculture**, elle a appris l'importance de la patience et du travail acharné.

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

taux de mortalité, ratio de mortalité

taux de mortalité, ratio de mortalité

organic
[Adjectif]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organique

organique

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .Le magasin propose une large sélection de collations et boissons **biologiques**.
peace
[nom]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

paix

paix

Ex: She hoped for a future where peace would prevail around the world .Elle espérait un avenir où la **paix** prévaudrait dans le monde entier.

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

pollution

pollution

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .La **pollution** causée par les déchets plastiques est une crise environnementale croissante.
poverty
[nom]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

pauvreté

pauvreté

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.L'organisme de bienfaisance se concentre sur la fourniture de nourriture et d'abri à ceux qui vivent dans la **pauvreté**.

the process of making waste products usable again

recyclage

recyclage

Ex: The city introduced a new recycling program .La ville a introduit un nouveau programme de **recyclage**.

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

énergie solaire, puissance solaire

énergie solaire, puissance solaire

Ex: The company specializes in designing solar power systems for households .L'entreprise est spécialisée dans la conception de systèmes d'**énergie solaire** pour les ménages.

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

niveau de vie

niveau de vie

Ex: Economic policies that promote job creation and income growth can positively impact standard of living for citizens .
war
[nom]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

guerre

guerre

Ex: The nation remained at war until a peace agreement was signed .La nation est restée en **guerre** jusqu'à la signature d'un accord de paix.
wealth
[nom]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

richesse, fortune

richesse, fortune

to promote
[verbe]

to move to a higher position or rank

promouvoir

promouvoir

Ex: After the successful project , he was promoted to vice president .Après le projet réussi, il a été **promu** vice-président.
to offer
[verbe]

to present or propose something to someone

proposer, offrir

proposer, offrir

Ex: He generously offered his time and expertise to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs .Il a généreusement **offert** son temps et son expertise pour encadrer les entrepreneurs en herbe.

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

promotion

promotion

Ex: The team celebrated her promotion with a surprise party .L'équipe a célébré sa **promotion** avec une fête surprise.

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

choix, possibilité

choix, possibilité

Ex: When the restaurant was full , we had to consider an alternative for dinner .Lorsque le restaurant était complet, nous avons dû envisager une **alternative** pour le dîner.
to quit
[verbe]

to give up your job, school, etc.

quitter

quitter

Ex: They 're worried more people will quit if conditions do n't improve .Ils craignent que plus de personnes ne **démissionnent** si les conditions ne s'améliorent pas.
to regret
[verbe]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

regretter, se repentir

regretter, se repentir

Ex: They regretted not taking the job offer and wondered what could have been .Ils ont **regretté** de ne pas avoir accepté l'offre d'emploi et se sont demandé ce qui aurait pu être.

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

Ex: We took the plunge and set up our own business.

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

bénévole,  volontaire

bénévole, volontaire

Ex: The local food bank was grateful for the volunteers who sorted and distributed donations to those in need .La banque alimentaire locale était reconnaissante envers les **bénévoles** qui ont trié et distribué les dons à ceux dans le besoin.
Le livre Total English - Intermédiaire
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