کتاب 'توتال اینگلیش' متوسطه - واحد 8 - مرجع

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

شغل, حرفه

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

تغییر آب‌وهوایی, تغییر اقلیمی

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

سیاسی

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

توافق

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

مدل مو

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

آهنگ, نوا، لحن

in opposition to someone or something

مخالف, علیه

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

قانون, حقوق

(law) the procedure of formally asking a higher court to dismiss and reverse the decision made by a lower court

استیناف, فرجام، تجدیدنظر

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

ممنوع

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

جریمه

forbidden by the law

غیرقانونی

the study or art of building and designing houses

معماری

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

ساختمان

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

شلوغی (ترافیک), سنگینی (ترافیک)

the act or process of making or building a house, bridge, machine, etc.

ساخت‌وساز

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

با مته سوراخ کردن

the toxic gases and particles that are released from the exhaust system of a vehicle and other sources

دود اگزوز

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

موج گرما

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

بوق

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

بوق زدن (اتومبیل)

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

ساعت شلوغی

in a way that is very bad or unpleasant

به‌طرز وحشتناکی

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

آسمان‌خراش, برج

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

راه‌بندان

a state of frustration or anxiety caused by opposing desires or feelings at the same time

تناقض, کشمکش

to make someone regain their health

درمان کردن

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

بدهی

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

بیماری, مرض

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

تجارت منصفانه

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

گرمایش جهانی

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

کشاورزی

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

نرخ مرگ‌ومیر, میزان مرگ‌ومیر

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

طبیعی (بدون اصلاح ژنتیکی), ارگانیک

a period or state where there is no war or violence

صلح

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

آلودگی

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

فقر, تهی‌دستی

the process of making waste products usable again

بازیافت

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

انرژی خورشیدی

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

سطح زندگی, استاندارد زندگی

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

جنگ

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

ثروت

to move to a higher position or rank

ترفیع گرفتن

to present or propose something to someone

ارائه کردن, پیشنهاد دادن

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

ترفیع

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

جایگزین, گزینه

to give up your job, school, etc.

استعفا دادن, ترک کردن، رها کردن

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

افسوس خوردن, حسرت کشیدن، متأسف بودن

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

دل به دریا زدن

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

داوطلب