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Aklat Total English - Intermediate - Yunit 8 - Sanggunian

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 8 - Sanggunian sa aklat ng Total English Intermediate, tulad ng "drill", "patas na kalakalan", "kabagalan", atbp.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
career
[Pangngalan]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

karera, propesyon

karera, propesyon

Ex: She's pursuing a career in medicine and hopes to become a doctor. 

Siya ay naghahangad ng isang karera sa medisina at umaasang maging isang doktor.

climate change
climate change
[Pangngalan]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

Ex: Climate change is a major concern for future generations. 

Ang pagbabago ng klima ay isang pangunahing alalahanin para sa mga susunod na henerasyon.

political
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: Political debates often revolve around issues such as taxation, healthcare, and national security. 

Ang mga debate na pampulitika ay madalas na umiikot sa mga isyu tulad ng pagbubuwis, pangangalagang pangkalusugan, at seguridad ng bansa.

arrangement
arrangement
[Pangngalan]

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

ayos, kasunduan

ayos, kasunduan

Ex: They made an arrangement to meet at the café later. 

Gumawa sila ng kasunduan para magkita sa café mamaya.

hairstyle
hairstyle
[Pangngalan]

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

istilo ng buhok, gupit ng buhok

istilo ng buhok, gupit ng buhok

Ex: She changed her hairstyle for the wedding, opting for elegant curls. 

Binago niya ang hairstyle niya para sa kasal, pinili ang eleganteng kulot.

tune
tune
[Pangngalan]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

tono

tono

Ex: She hummed a cheerful tune while cooking dinner. 

Siya ay humuhuni ng isang masiglang tono habang nagluluto ng hapunan.

against
against
[Preposisyon]

in opposition to someone or something

laban sa

laban sa

Ex: I decided to go against the advice of my friend. 

Nagpasya akong sumalungat sa payo ng aking kaibigan.

law
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: Breaking the law can result in serious consequences. 

Ang paglabag sa batas ay maaaring magresulta sa malubhang kahihinatnan.

appeal
appeal
[Pangngalan]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

apela

apela

Ex: The defendant filed an appeal against the verdict. 

Ang nasasakdal ay naghain ng apela laban sa hatol.

banned
banned
[pang-uri]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

ipinagbabawal,  hindi pinapayagan

ipinagbabawal, hindi pinapayagan

to arrest
to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: The police officer decided to arrest the suspect after gathering sufficient evidence. 

Nagpasya ang pulis na arestuhin ang suspek matapos makakalap ng sapat na ebidensya.

fine
fine
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa, parusa

multa, parusa

Ex: The restaurant was fined for health code violations discovered during an inspection. 

Ang restawran ay pinatawan ng multa dahil sa mga paglabag sa health code na natuklasan sa panahon ng inspeksyon.

illegal
illegal
[pang-uri]

forbidden by the law

ilegal, ipinagbabawal ng batas

ilegal, ipinagbabawal ng batas

Ex: Selling drugs on the street is illegal and punishable by law. 

Ang pagbebenta ng droga sa kalye ay ilegal at parusahan ng batas.

architecture
architecture
[Pangngalan]

the study or art of building and designing houses

arkitektura

arkitektura

Ex: She decided to study architecture because she was fascinated by the art and science of designing buildings. 

Nagpasya siyang mag-aral ng arkitektura dahil nabighani siya sa sining at agham ng pagdidisenyo ng mga gusali.

building
building
[Pangngalan]

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

gusali, edipisyo

gusali, edipisyo

Ex: He worked in a modern office building with large windows. 

Nagtatrabaho siya sa isang modernong gusali ng opisina na may malalaking bintana.

congestion
congestion
[Pangngalan]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

kasiyahan, baraduhan

kasiyahan, baraduhan

Ex: There was heavy congestion on the highway during rush hour. 

May mabigat na pagkakasiksikan sa haywey noong rush hour.

construction
construction
[Pangngalan]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

konstruksyon

konstruksyon

Ex: The construction of the new hospital is ahead of schedule. 

Ang konstruksyon ng bagong ospital ay mas maaga kaysa sa iskedyul.

to drill
to drill
[Pandiwa]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

mag-drill, magbutas

mag-drill, magbutas

Ex: The carpenter drilled holes in the wooden plank for dowel insertion. 

Ang karpintero ay nagbutas ng mga butas sa kahoy na tabla para sa pagpasok ng dowel.

exhaust fumes
exhaust fumes
[Pangngalan]

waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

usok ng tambutso, gas ng tambutso

usok ng tambutso, gas ng tambutso

Ex: The tunnel filled with exhaust fumes as cars idled during the rush-hour backup. 

Ang tunnel ay napuno ng usok ng tambutso habang ang mga kotse ay naka-idle sa panahon ng traffic backup sa oras ng rush.

heat wave
heat wave
[Pangngalan]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

alun-alon ng init, matinding init

alun-alon ng init, matinding init

Ex: The city issued a warning for a heat wave, advising residents to stay indoors and stay hydrated. 

Naglabas ang lungsod ng babala para sa isang heat wave, na nagpapayo sa mga residente na manatili sa loob ng bahay at manatiling hydrated.

horn
horn
[Pangngalan]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

busina, torotot

busina, torotot

Ex: He honked the horn to warn the pedestrian crossing the street. 

Binusin niya ang busina upang babalaan ang pedestrian na tumatawid sa kalye.

to honk
to honk
[Pandiwa]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

bumusina, pumito

bumusina, pumito

Ex: The taxi driver honked the horn to alert pedestrians of his presence. 

Bumusina ang tsuper ng taxi upang alertuhan ang mga pedestrian sa kanyang presensya.

rush hour
rush hour
[Pangngalan]

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

oras ng rush, oras ng trapiko

oras ng rush, oras ng trapiko

Ex: She left the house early to avoid the rush hour traffic on her way to the office. 

Umalis siya nang maaga sa bahay para maiwasan ang trapiko sa oras ng rush papunta sa opisina.

terribly
terribly
[pang-abay]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

napakasama, nang labis

napakasama, nang labis

Ex: They beat me terribly in the final match. 

Labis nila akong tinalo sa huling laro.

tower block
tower block
[Pangngalan]

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

bloke ng tore, gusaling tukodlangit

bloke ng tore, gusaling tukodlangit

Ex: People in the tower block have complained about the long wait for elevators. 

Ang mga tao sa tower block ay nagreklamo tungkol sa mahabang paghihintay para sa mga elevator.

traffic jam
traffic jam
[Pangngalan]

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

trapik, siksikan

trapik, siksikan

Ex: They were late to the meeting due to a traffic jam on the highway. 

Huli sila sa pulong dahil sa traffic jam sa highway.

conflict
conflict
[Pangngalan]

tension or opposition between two simultaneous, incompatible feelings

tunggalian, dilema

tunggalian, dilema

Ex: He felt a conflict between loyalty and ambition. 

Nakaramdam siya ng tunggalian sa pagitan ng katapatan at ambisyon.

to cure
to cure
[Pandiwa]

to make someone regain their health

gamutin, pagalingin

gamutin, pagalingin

Ex: Antibiotics are often prescribed to cure bacterial infections. 

Ang mga antibiotic ay madalas na inireseta upang gamutin ang mga bacterial infection.

debt
debt
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

utang, pagkakautang

utang, pagkakautang

Ex: After years of diligent saving, he finally managed to pay off his student debt. 

Matapos ang mga taon ng masipag na pag-iipon, sa wakas ay nabayaran niya ang kanyang utang na pampaaralan.

disease
disease
[Pangngalan]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

sakit, karamdaman

sakit, karamdaman

Ex: Many are working tirelessly to eradicate this deadly disease. 

Marami ang walang pagod na nagtatrabaho upang puksain ang nakamamatay na sakit na ito.

fair trade
fair trade
[Pangngalan]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

patas na kalakalan

patas na kalakalan

global warming
global warming
[Pangngalan]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

Ex: Scientists link global warming to rising sea levels. 

Ikinokonekta ng mga siyentipiko ang global warming sa pagtaas ng antas ng dagat.

farming
farming
[Pangngalan]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

pagsasaka, pagbubukid

pagsasaka, pagbubukid

Ex: Farming involves many tasks, from planting seeds to harvesting crops. 

Ang pagsasaka ay nagsasangkot ng maraming gawain, mula sa pagtatanim ng mga binhi hanggang sa pag-aani ng mga pananim.

mortality rate
mortality rate
[Pangngalan]

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

antas ng dami ng namamatay, ratio ng pagkamatay

antas ng dami ng namamatay, ratio ng pagkamatay

organic
organic
[pang-uri]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organiko, likas

organiko, likas

Ex: Organic farming relies on natural methods and avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. 

Ang organic na pagsasaka ay umaasa sa mga natural na pamamaraan at iniiwasan ang paggamit ng mga sintetikong pestisidyo at pataba.

peace
peace
[Pangngalan]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

kapayapaan

kapayapaan

Ex: After years of conflict, the region finally experienced a period of lasting peace and stability. 

Matapos ang maraming taon ng hidwaan, ang rehiyon ay wakas ay nakaranas ng panahon ng pangmatagalang kapayapaan at katatagan.

pollution
pollution
[Pangngalan]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

polusyon, kontaminasyon

polusyon, kontaminasyon

Ex: The pollution in the lake has made the water toxic to fish and plants. 

Ang polusyon sa lawa ay nagpatingkad sa tubig na nakalalason sa mga isda at halaman.

poverty
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: Many families in the area live in poverty and struggle to access basic services. 

Maraming pamilya sa lugar na ito ang nabubuhay sa kahirapan at nahihirapang ma-access ang mga pangunahing serbisyo.

recycling
recycling
[Pangngalan]

the process of making waste products usable again

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

Ex: Recycling helps reduce environmental pollution. 

Ang pag-recycle ay tumutulong sa pagbabawas ng polusyon sa kapaligiran.

solar power
solar power
[Pangngalan]

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

solar na kuryente, kapangyarihan ng araw

solar na kuryente, kapangyarihan ng araw

Ex: The house is equipped with solar power to reduce electricity bills. 

Ang bahay ay may solar power upang mabawasan ang mga bayarin sa kuryente.

standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Improved infrastructure and healthcare services have contributed to a higher standard of living in urban areas. 
war
war
[Pangngalan]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

digmaan

digmaan

Ex: The two nations have been at war for many years. 

Ang dalawang bansa ay nasa digmaan sa loob ng maraming taon.

wealth
wealth
[Pangngalan]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

kayamanan, yaman

kayamanan, yaman

to promote
to promote
[Pandiwa]

to move to a higher position or rank

itaas, promote

itaas, promote

Ex: After years of hard work, she was promoted to manager of the department. 

Matapos ang mga taon ng pagsusumikap, siya ay na-promote bilang manager ng departamento.

to offer
to offer
[Pandiwa]

to present or propose something to someone

mag-alok, maghandog

mag-alok, maghandog

Ex: She kindly offered her assistance to anyone in need. 
promotion
promotion
[Pangngalan]

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

pag-akyat, promosyon

pag-akyat, promosyon

Ex: A promotion often comes with increased responsibilities. 

Ang isang promosyon ay madalas na may kasamang nadagdagan na responsibilidad.

alternative
alternative
[Pangngalan]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternatibo,  opsyon

alternatibo, opsyon

Ex: We need to find an alternative if this plan doesn't work. 

Kailangan nating humanap ng alternatibo kung hindi gagana ang planong ito.

to quit
to quit
[Pandiwa]

to give up your job, school, etc.

magbitiw, umalis

magbitiw, umalis

Ex: After the disagreement, three employees quit. 

Pagkatapos ng hindi pagkakasundo, tatlong empleyado ang nagbitiw.

to regret
to regret
[Pandiwa]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

pagsisisi, panghihinayang

pagsisisi, panghihinayang

Ex: She regretted not studying harder for the exam and wished she had put in more effort. 

Nagsisi siya na hindi mas nag-aral nang mas mahirap para sa pagsusulit at naghangad na sana ay nagsumikap pa siya nang higit.

to [take] the plunge

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

lakasan ang loob at simulan, ituloy kahit kinakabahan

lakasan ang loob at simulan, ituloy kahit kinakabahan

Ex: After months of hesitation, she finally took the plunge and started her own business. 

Matapos ang ilang buwang pag-aalinlangan, nilakasan niya ang loob at nagsimula ng sarili niyang negosyo.

volunteer
volunteer
[Pangngalan]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

boluntaryo,  nagboluntaryo

boluntaryo, nagboluntaryo

Ex: She became a volunteer at the animal shelter, dedicating her weekends to caring for the animals. 

Naging boluntaryo siya sa animal shelter, inilalaan ang kanyang mga weekend sa pag-aalaga ng mga hayop.

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