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Aklat Total English - Intermediate - Yunit 8 - Sanggunian

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 8 - Sanggunian sa aklat ng Total English Intermediate, tulad ng "drill", "patas na kalakalan", "kabagalan", atbp.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
[Pangngalan]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

karera, propesyon

karera, propesyon

Ex: He 's had a diverse career, including stints as a musician and a graphic designer .Mayroon siyang iba't ibang **karera**, kasama ang mga panahon bilang isang musikero at graphic designer.
climate change
[Pangngalan]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .Ang mga epekto ng **pagbabago ng klima** ay halata sa aming nagbabagong mga pattern ng panahon.
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .Ang media ay may mahalagang papel sa pagbibigay-alam sa publiko tungkol sa mga **pampulitika** na pag-unlad at sa pagpapanagot sa mga nahalal na opisyal.
arrangement
[Pangngalan]

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

ayos, kasunduan

ayos, kasunduan

Ex: The arrangement for the wedding ceremony was very detailed .Ang **ayos** para sa seremonya ng kasal ay napaka-detalyado.
hairstyle
[Pangngalan]

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

istilo ng buhok, gupit ng buhok

istilo ng buhok, gupit ng buhok

Ex: They experimented with different hairstyles until they found the perfect one .Nag-eksperimento sila sa iba't ibang **mga hairstyle** hanggang sa makita nila ang perpektong isa.
tune
[Pangngalan]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

tono

tono

Ex: He can play almost any tune on his guitar by ear .Maaari niyang tugtugin halos anumang **tunog** sa pamamagitan ng tainga sa kanyang gitara.
against
[Preposisyon]

in opposition to someone or something

laban sa

laban sa

Ex: We must protect the environment against pollution .Dapat nating protektahan ang kapaligiran **laban sa** polusyon.
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.Mahalagang malaman ang iyong mga karapatan sa ilalim ng **batas**.
appeal
[Pangngalan]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

apela

apela

Ex: The Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal.Pumayag ang Korte Suprema na dinggin ang **apela**.
banned
[pang-uri]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

ipinagbabawal,  hindi pinapayagan

ipinagbabawal, hindi pinapayagan

to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .Kasalukuyang **inaaresto** ng mga awtoridad ang mga suspek sa lugar ng krimen.
fine
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa, parusa

multa, parusa

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .Ang hukom ay nagpataw ng **multa** sa kumpanya para sa mga paglabag sa kapaligiran.
illegal
[pang-uri]

forbidden by the law

ilegal, ipinagbabawal ng batas

ilegal, ipinagbabawal ng batas

Ex: Employers who discriminate against employees based on race or gender are engaging in illegal behavior .Ang mga employer na nagtatangi laban sa mga empleyado batay sa lahi o kasarian ay nakikibahagi sa **ilegal** na pag-uugali.
architecture
[Pangngalan]

the study or art of building and designing houses

arkitektura

arkitektura

Ex: She was drawn to architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .Naakit siya sa **arkitektura** dahil sa natatanging halo ng pagkamalikhain, teknikal na kasanayan, at paglutas ng problema sa itinayong kapaligiran.
building
[Pangngalan]

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

gusali, edipisyo

gusali, edipisyo

Ex: The workers construct the building from the ground up .Ang mga manggagawa ay nagtatayo ng **gusali** mula sa simula.
congestion
[Pangngalan]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

kasiyahan, baraduhan

kasiyahan, baraduhan

Ex: Traffic congestion is a major issue during the holidays.Ang **pagkabara** ng trapiko ay isang malaking isyu tuwing bakasyon.
construction
[Pangngalan]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

konstruksyon

konstruksyon

Ex: Road construction caused delays in traffic.Ang **konstruksyon** ng kalsada ay nagdulot ng pagkaantala sa trapiko.
to drill
[Pandiwa]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

mag-drill, magbutas

mag-drill, magbutas

Ex: The mechanic drilled holes in the car's chassis to install the new parts.Ang mekaniko ay **nagbutas** ng mga butas sa chassis ng kotse para mag-install ng mga bagong piyesa.
exhaust fumes
[Pangngalan]

the toxic gases and particles that are released from the exhaust system of a vehicle and other sources

usok ng tambutso, gas ng tambutso

usok ng tambutso, gas ng tambutso

heat wave
[Pangngalan]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

alun-alon ng init, matinding init

alun-alon ng init, matinding init

Ex: During a heat wave, it ’s important to check on elderly neighbors who may be more vulnerable to extreme temperatures .Sa panahon ng **heat wave**, mahalagang tingnan ang kalagayan ng mga nakatatandang kapitbahay na maaaring mas madaling kapitan ng matinding temperatura.
horn
[Pangngalan]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

busina, torotot

busina, torotot

Ex: She tapped the horn to let the driver in front know the light had turned green .Tinapik niya ang **busina** upang ipaalam sa driver sa harap na nag-green na ang ilaw.
to honk
[Pandiwa]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

bumusina, pumito

bumusina, pumito

Ex: She honks to greet her friend waiting on the sidewalk .Siya ay **bumubusina** para batiin ang kanyang kaibigan na naghihintay sa bangketa.
rush hour
[Pangngalan]

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

oras ng rush, oras ng trapiko

oras ng rush, oras ng trapiko

Ex: She planned her errands around rush hour to avoid getting stuck in traffic .Inayos niya ang kanyang mga gawain sa paligid ng **rush hour** para maiwasang maipit sa trapiko.
terribly
[pang-abay]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

napakasama, nang labis

napakasama, nang labis

Ex: She was terribly treated by the staff .Siya ay **napakasama** na trinato ng mga staff.
tower block
[Pangngalan]

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

bloke ng tore, gusaling tukodlangit

bloke ng tore, gusaling tukodlangit

Ex: The view from the top of the tower block is breathtaking .Ang tanawin mula sa tuktok ng **gusaling tukudlangit** ay nakakapanghinawa.
traffic jam
[Pangngalan]

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

trapik, siksikan

trapik, siksikan

Ex: The traffic jam cleared up after the accident was cleared from the road .Na-clear ang **traffic jam** matapos maalis ang aksidente mula sa kalsada.
conflict
[Pangngalan]

a state of frustration or anxiety caused by opposing desires or feelings at the same time

hidwaan, dilema

hidwaan, dilema

Ex: The conflict within her , torn between forgiveness and resentment , was palpable .Ang **tunggalian** sa loob niya, nahati sa pagitan ng kapatawaran at pagdaramdam, ay madama.
to cure
[Pandiwa]

to make someone regain their health

gamutin, pagalingin

gamutin, pagalingin

Ex: If the clinical trial is successful , the treatment will likely cure the disease .Kung matagumpay ang clinical trial, malamang na **gagamutin** ng treatment ang sakit.
debt
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

utang, pagkakautang

utang, pagkakautang

Ex: He repaid his friend , feeling relieved to be free of the personal debt he had owed for so long .Binalik niya ang utang sa kanyang kaibigan, na nakaramdam ng ginhawa sa pagiging malaya sa personal na **utang** na matagal niyang inutang.
disease
[Pangngalan]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

sakit, karamdaman

sakit, karamdaman

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .Ang **sakit** ay mabilis na kumakalat sa populasyon.
fair trade
[Pangngalan]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

patas na kalakalan

patas na kalakalan

global warming
[Pangngalan]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .Ang **global warming** ay nagbabanta sa mga ecosystem at wildlife.
farming
[Pangngalan]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

pagsasaka, pagbubukid

pagsasaka, pagbubukid

Ex: Through farming, she learned the importance of patience and hard work .Sa pamamagitan ng **pagsasaka**, natutunan niya ang kahalagahan ng pasensya at paghihirap.
mortality rate
[Pangngalan]

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

antas ng dami ng namamatay, ratio ng pagkamatay

antas ng dami ng namamatay, ratio ng pagkamatay

organic
[pang-uri]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organiko, likas

organiko, likas

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .Ang tindahan ay may malawak na seleksyon ng **organic** na meryenda at inumin.
peace
[Pangngalan]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

kapayapaan

kapayapaan

Ex: She hoped for a future where peace would prevail around the world .Umaasa siya sa isang hinaharap kung saan ang **kapayapaan** ay mananaig sa buong mundo.
pollution
[Pangngalan]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

polusyon, kontaminasyon

polusyon, kontaminasyon

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .Ang **polusyon** na dulot ng basurang plastik ay isang lumalaking krisis sa kapaligiran.
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.Ang charity ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng pagkain at tirahan sa mga nabubuhay sa **kahirapan**.
recycling
[Pangngalan]

the process of making waste products usable again

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

Ex: The city introduced a new recycling program .Ang lungsod ay nagpakilala ng isang bagong programa sa **recycling**.
solar power
[Pangngalan]

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

solar na kuryente, kapangyarihan ng araw

solar na kuryente, kapangyarihan ng araw

Ex: The company specializes in designing solar power systems for households .Ang kumpanya ay dalubhasa sa pagdidisenyo ng mga sistema ng **solar power** para sa mga sambahayan.

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Economic policies that promote job creation and income growth can positively impact standard of living for citizens .
war
[Pangngalan]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

digmaan

digmaan

Ex: The nation remained at war until a peace agreement was signed .Ang bansa ay nanatili sa **digmaan** hanggang sa paglagda ng isang kasunduang pangkapayapaan.
wealth
[Pangngalan]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

kayamanan, yaman

kayamanan, yaman

to promote
[Pandiwa]

to move to a higher position or rank

itaas, promote

itaas, promote

Ex: After the successful project , he was promoted to vice president .Matapos ang matagumpay na proyekto, siya ay **na-promote** bilang bise presidente.
to offer
[Pandiwa]

to present or propose something to someone

mag-alok, maghandog

mag-alok, maghandog

Ex: He generously offered his time and expertise to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs .Malugod niyang **inialok** ang kanyang oras at ekspertisya upang maging gabay sa mga nagnanais na maging negosyante.
promotion
[Pangngalan]

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

pag-akyat, promosyon

pag-akyat, promosyon

Ex: The team celebrated her promotion with a surprise party .Ipinagdiwang ng koponan ang kanyang **pag-akyat sa posisyon** sa isang sorpresang party.
alternative
[Pangngalan]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternatibo,  opsyon

alternatibo, opsyon

Ex: When the restaurant was full , we had to consider an alternative for dinner .Nang puno ang restawran, kailangan naming isaalang-alang ang isang **alternatibo** para sa hapunan.
to quit
[Pandiwa]

to give up your job, school, etc.

magbitiw, umalis

magbitiw, umalis

Ex: They 're worried more people will quit if conditions do n't improve .Nag-aalala sila na mas maraming tao ang **aalis** kung hindi gaganda ang mga kondisyon.
to regret
[Pandiwa]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

pagsisisi, panghihinayang

pagsisisi, panghihinayang

Ex: They regretted not taking the job offer and wondered what could have been .Nagsisi sila sa hindi pagtanggap sa alok ng trabaho at nagtaka kung ano ang maaaring nangyari.

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

Ex: We took the plunge and set up our own business.
volunteer
[Pangngalan]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

boluntaryo,  nagboluntaryo

boluntaryo, nagboluntaryo

Ex: The local food bank was grateful for the volunteers who sorted and distributed donations to those in need .Ang lokal na food bank ay nagpapasalamat sa mga **boluntaryo** na nag-ayos at namahagi ng mga donasyon sa mga nangangailangan.
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