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Aklat Total English - Intermediate - Yunit 8 - Sanggunian

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 8 - Sanggunian sa aklat ng Total English Intermediate, tulad ng "drill", "patas na kalakalan", "kabagalan", atbp.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
career
[Pangngalan]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

karera, propesyon

karera, propesyon

Ex: He's had a diverse career, including stints as a musician and a graphic designer. 
climate change
climate change
[Pangngalan]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

Ex: Climate change is a major concern for future generations. 

Ang pagbabago ng klima ay isang pangunahing alalahanin para sa mga susunod na henerasyon.

political
political
[pang-uri]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

pampulitika

pampulitika

Ex: Political debates often revolve around issues such as taxation, healthcare, and national security. 

Ang mga debate na pampulitika ay madalas na umiikot sa mga isyu tulad ng pagbubuwis, pangangalagang pangkalusugan, at seguridad ng bansa.

arrangement
arrangement
[Pangngalan]

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

ayos, kasunduan

ayos, kasunduan

Ex: The arrangement for the wedding ceremony was very detailed. 
hairstyle
hairstyle
[Pangngalan]

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

istilo ng buhok, gupit ng buhok

istilo ng buhok, gupit ng buhok

Ex: She changed her hairstyle for the wedding, opting for elegant curls. 

Binago niya ang hairstyle niya para sa kasal, pinili ang eleganteng kulot.

tune
tune
[Pangngalan]

a sequence of musical notes forming a recognizable melody

himig,  tono

himig, tono

Ex: Emma hummed a familiar tune while she worked. 
against
against
[Preposisyon]

in opposition to someone or something

laban sa

laban sa

Ex: I decided to go against the advice of my friend. 

Nagpasya akong sumalungat sa payo ng aking kaibigan.

law
law
[Pangngalan]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

batas, ley

batas, ley

Ex: It's important to know your rights under the law. 
appeal
appeal
[Pangngalan]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

apela

apela

Ex: The Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal. 
banned
banned
[pang-uri]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

ipinagbabawal,  hindi pinapayagan

ipinagbabawal, hindi pinapayagan

to arrest
to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime. 
fine
fine
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa, parusa

multa, parusa

Ex: She received a fine for littering in the park. 
illegal
illegal
[pang-uri]

forbidden by or against the law

ilegal

ilegal

Ex: It is illegal to drive without a valid license. 
architecture
architecture
[Pangngalan]

the art, study, or profession of designing buildings and other structures

Ex: Emma studied architecture at university. 
building
building
[Pangngalan]

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

gusali, edipisyo

gusali, edipisyo

Ex: The workers construct the building from the ground up. 
congestion
congestion
[Pangngalan]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

kasiyahan, baraduhan

kasiyahan, baraduhan

Ex: There was heavy congestion on the highway during rush hour. 

May mabigat na pagkakasiksikan sa haywey noong rush hour.

construction
construction
[Pangngalan]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

konstruksyon

konstruksyon

Ex: Road construction caused delays in traffic. 
to drill
to drill
[Pandiwa]

to make a hole in something using a drill or similar rotating tool

mag-drill,  butasin

mag-drill, butasin

Ex: Drill a small hole in the wall for the screw. 
exhaust fumes
exhaust fumes
[Pangngalan]

waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

usok ng tambutso, gas ng tambutso

usok ng tambutso, gas ng tambutso

Ex: The tunnel filled with exhaust fumes as cars idled during the rush-hour backup. 

Ang tunnel ay napuno ng usok ng tambutso habang ang mga kotse ay naka-idle sa panahon ng traffic backup sa oras ng rush.

heat wave
heat wave
[Pangngalan]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

alun-alon ng init, matinding init

alun-alon ng init, matinding init

Ex: The city issued a warning for a heat wave, advising residents to stay indoors and stay hydrated. 

Naglabas ang lungsod ng babala para sa isang heat wave, na nagpapayo sa mga residente na manatili sa loob ng bahay at manatiling hydrated.

horn
horn
[Pangngalan]

a device on a vehicle that produces a loud sound as a warning or signal

busina, huni

busina, huni

Ex: Daniel sounded the horn to warn the cyclist. 
to honk
to honk
[Pandiwa]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

bumusina, pumito

bumusina, pumito

Ex: The taxi driver honked the horn to alert pedestrians of his presence. 

Bumusina ang tsuper ng taxi upang alertuhan ang mga pedestrian sa kanyang presensya.

rush hour
rush hour
[Pangngalan]

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

oras ng rush, oras ng trapiko

oras ng rush, oras ng trapiko

Ex: She left the house early to avoid the rush hour traffic on her way to the office. 

Umalis siya nang maaga sa bahay para maiwasan ang trapiko sa oras ng rush papunta sa opisina.

terribly
terribly
[pang-abay]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

napakasama, nang labis

napakasama, nang labis

Ex: They beat me terribly in the final match. 

Labis nila akong tinalo sa huling laro.

tower block
tower block
[Pangngalan]

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

bloke ng tore, gusaling tukodlangit

bloke ng tore, gusaling tukodlangit

Ex: People in the tower block have complained about the long wait for elevators. 

Ang mga tao sa tower block ay nagreklamo tungkol sa mahabang paghihintay para sa mga elevator.

traffic jam
traffic jam
[Pangngalan]

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

trapik, siksikan

trapik, siksikan

Ex: They were late to the meeting due to a traffic jam on the highway. 

Huli sila sa pulong dahil sa traffic jam sa highway.

conflict
conflict
[Pangngalan]

tension or opposition between two simultaneous, incompatible feelings

tunggalian, dilema

tunggalian, dilema

Ex: A conflict arose between desire and responsibility. 
to cure
to cure
[Pandiwa]

to restore someone to health by ending an illness or medical condition

pagalingin, gamutin

pagalingin, gamutin

Ex: The treatment completely cured him. 
debt
debt
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

utang, pagkakautang

utang, pagkakautang

Ex: He repaid his friend, feeling relieved to be free of the personal debt he had owed for so long. 
disease
disease
[Pangngalan]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

sakit, karamdaman

sakit, karamdaman

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population. 
fair trade
fair trade
[Pangngalan]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

patas na kalakalan

patas na kalakalan

global warming
global warming
[Pangngalan]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

Ex: Scientists link global warming to rising sea levels. 

Ikinokonekta ng mga siyentipiko ang global warming sa pagtaas ng antas ng dagat.

farming
farming
[Pangngalan]

the activity or practice of growing crops or raising animals on a farm

Ex: Farming is the main source of income in the region. 
mortality rate
mortality rate
[Pangngalan]

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

antas ng dami ng namamatay, ratio ng pagkamatay

antas ng dami ng namamatay, ratio ng pagkamatay

organic
organic
[pang-uri]

produced or grown without artificial fertilizers, pesticides, or other synthetic chemicals

organiko, likas

organiko, likas

Ex: She buys organic vegetables whenever possible. 
peace
peace
[Pangngalan]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

kapayapaan

kapayapaan

Ex: She hoped for a future where peace would prevail around the world. 
pollution
pollution
[Pangngalan]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

polusyon, kontaminasyon

polusyon, kontaminasyon

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis. 
poverty
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty. 
recycling
recycling
[Pangngalan]

the process of making waste products usable again

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

Ex: Recycling helps reduce environmental pollution. 

Ang pag-recycle ay tumutulong sa pagbabawas ng polusyon sa kapaligiran.

solar power
solar power
[Pangngalan]

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

solar na kuryente, kapangyarihan ng araw

solar na kuryente, kapangyarihan ng araw

Ex: The house is equipped with solar power to reduce electricity bills. 

Ang bahay ay may solar power upang mabawasan ang mga bayarin sa kuryente.

standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Improved infrastructure and healthcare services have contributed to a higher standard of living in urban areas. 
war
war
[Pangngalan]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

digmaan

digmaan

Ex: The soldiers marched off to battle, prepared to defend their country in war. 
wealth
wealth
[Pangngalan]

a large amount of valuable material possessions or financial resources

Ex: She accumulated her wealth through years of disciplined investing. 
to promote
to promote
[Pandiwa]

to move to a higher position or rank

itaas, promote

itaas, promote

Ex: After the successful project, he was promoted to vice president. 
to offer
to offer
[Pandiwa]

to present or propose something to someone

mag-alok, maghandog

mag-alok, maghandog

Ex: He generously offered his time and expertise to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs. 
promotion
promotion
[Pangngalan]

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

pag-akyat, promosyon

pag-akyat, promosyon

Ex: The team celebrated her promotion with a surprise party. 
alternative
alternative
[Pangngalan]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternatibo,  opsyon

alternatibo, opsyon

Ex: When the restaurant was full, we had to consider an alternative for dinner. 
to quit
to quit
[Pandiwa]

to give up your job, school, etc.

magbitiw, umalis

magbitiw, umalis

Ex: After the disagreement, three employees quit. 

Pagkatapos ng hindi pagkakasundo, tatlong empleyado ang nagbitiw.

to regret
to regret
[Pandiwa]

to feel sorry or disappointed about something that happened or that one did or failed to do

Ex: I regret leaving college before finishing my degree. 
to [take] the plunge

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

lakasan ang loob at simulan, ituloy kahit kinakabahan

lakasan ang loob at simulan, ituloy kahit kinakabahan

Ex: After months of hesitation, she finally took the plunge and started her own business. 

Matapos ang ilang buwang pag-aalinlangan, nilakasan niya ang loob at nagsimula ng sarili niyang negosyo.

volunteer
volunteer
[Pangngalan]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

boluntaryo,  nagboluntaryo

boluntaryo, nagboluntaryo

Ex: The local food bank was grateful for the volunteers who sorted and distributed donations to those in need. 
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