كتاب Total English - متوسط - الوحدة 8-المرجع

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

مهنة

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

تغير المناخ

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

سياسي

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

ترتيب

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

تسريحه شعر

a number of musical notes that form a piece of music when played or sung in a particular order

لحن

in opposition to someone or something

ضد

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

القانون

(law) the procedure of formally asking a higher court to dismiss and reverse the decision made by a lower court

الاستئناف أمام المحكمة

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

محظور

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقال شخص ما

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

غرامة (نقدا)

forbidden by the law

غير قانوني

the study or art of building and designing houses

هندسة معمارية

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

بناء

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

ازدحام

the act or process of making or building a house, bridge, machine, etc.

بناء

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

حفر

the toxic gases and particles that are released from the exhaust system of a vehicle and other sources

أدخنة العادم

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

جو حار

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

بوق

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

ساعات الإزدحام

in a way that is very bad or unpleasant

رهيب

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

برج سكني

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

اختناق مروري

a state of frustration or anxiety caused by opposing desires or feelings at the same time

تناقض

to make someone regain their health

استعادة الصحة

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

مرض

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

معرض تجاري

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

إرتفاع درجة حرارة الكرة الأرضية

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

زراعة

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

معدل الوفيات

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

منتج عضوي

a period or state where there is no war or violence

سلام

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

التلوث

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

فقر

the process of making waste products usable again

إعادة تصنيع الأشياء

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

الطاقة الشمسية

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

مستوى المعيشة

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

حرب

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

ثروة

to move to a higher position or rank

الحصول على ترقية

to present or propose something to someone

تقديم شيء ما

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

التطوير الوظيفي

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

البديل

to give up your job, school, etc.

استقال

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

الانتهاء من شيء يقلق المرء

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

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