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El libro Total English - Intermedio - Unidad 8 - Referencia

Aquí encontrarás el vocabulario de la Unidad 8 - Referencia en el libro de curso Total English Intermediate, como "drill", "comercio justo", "congestión", etc.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
[Sustantivo]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

carrera, profesión

carrera, profesión

Ex: He 's had a diverse career, including stints as a musician and a graphic designer .Ha tenido una **carrera** diversa, que incluye etapas como músico y diseñador gráfico.
climate change
[Sustantivo]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

cambio climático

cambio climático

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .Los efectos del **cambio climático** son evidentes en nuestros patrones climáticos cambiantes.
political
[Adjetivo]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

político

político

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .Los medios de comunicación juegan un papel crucial al informar al público sobre los desarrollos **políticos** y al responsabilizar a los funcionarios electos.
arrangement
[Sustantivo]

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

acuerdo, arreglo

acuerdo, arreglo

Ex: The arrangement for the wedding ceremony was very detailed .El **arreglo** para la ceremonia de boda fue muy detallado.
hairstyle
[Sustantivo]

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

peinado

peinado

Ex: They experimented with different hairstyles until they found the perfect one .Experimentaron con diferentes **peinados** hasta encontrar el perfecto.
tune
[Sustantivo]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

tonada, tonada

tonada, tonada

Ex: He can play almost any tune on his guitar by ear .Puede tocar casi cualquier **melodía** de oído en su guitarra.
against
[Preposición]

in opposition to someone or something

contra

contra

Ex: We must protect the environment against pollution .Debemos proteger el medio ambiente **contra** la contaminación.
law
[Sustantivo]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

ley

ley

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.Es importante conocer tus derechos bajo la **ley**.
appeal
[Sustantivo]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

apelación

apelación

Ex: The Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal.El Tribunal Supremo acordó escuchar la **apelación**.
banned
[Adjetivo]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

prohibido,  vetado

prohibido, vetado

to arrest
[Verbo]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arrestar

arrestar

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .Las autoridades están **arrestando** actualmente a los sospechosos en la escena del crimen.
fine
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa

multa

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .El juez impuso una **multa** a la empresa por violaciones ambientales.
illegal
[Adjetivo]

forbidden by the law

ilegal

ilegal

Ex: Employers who discriminate against employees based on race or gender are engaging in illegal behavior .Los empleadores que discriminan a los empleados por motivos de raza o género están incurriendo en un comportamiento **ilegal**.
architecture
[Sustantivo]

the study or art of building and designing houses

arquitectura

arquitectura

Ex: She was drawn to architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .Se sintió atraída por la **arquitectura** debido a su combinación única de creatividad, habilidad técnica y resolución de problemas en el entorno construido.
building
[Sustantivo]

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

edificio, construcción

edificio, construcción

Ex: The workers construct the building from the ground up .Los trabajadores construyen el **edificio** desde cero.
congestion
[Sustantivo]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

congestión, embotellamiento

congestión, embotellamiento

Ex: Traffic congestion is a major issue during the holidays.La **congestión** del tráfico es un problema importante durante las vacaciones.
construction
[Sustantivo]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

construcción

construcción

Ex: Road construction caused delays in traffic.La **construcción** de carreteras causó retrasos en el tráfico.
to drill
[Verbo]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

taladrar, perforar

taladrar, perforar

Ex: The mechanic drilled holes in the car's chassis to install the new parts.El mecánico **taladró** agujeros en el chasis del coche para instalar las nuevas piezas.
exhaust fumes
[Sustantivo]

the toxic gases and particles that are released from the exhaust system of a vehicle and other sources

gases de escape, humos de escape

gases de escape, humos de escape

heat wave
[Sustantivo]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

ola de calor

ola de calor

Ex: During a heat wave, it ’s important to check on elderly neighbors who may be more vulnerable to extreme temperatures .Durante una **ola de calor**, es importante verificar el estado de los vecinos mayores que pueden ser más vulnerables a las temperaturas extremas.
horn
[Sustantivo]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

claxon, bocina

claxon, bocina

Ex: She tapped the horn to let the driver in front know the light had turned green .Ella tocó el **claxon** para hacerle saber al conductor de adelante que la luz había cambiado a verde.
to honk
[Verbo]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

tocar la bocina, pitar

tocar la bocina, pitar

Ex: She honks to greet her friend waiting on the sidewalk .Ella **toca el claxon** para saludar a su amigo que espera en la acera.
rush hour
[Sustantivo]

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

hora pico, hora punta

hora pico, hora punta

Ex: She planned her errands around rush hour to avoid getting stuck in traffic .Ella planeó sus recados alrededor de **la hora pico** para evitar quedar atrapada en el tráfico.
terribly
[Adverbio]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

terriblemente

terriblemente

Ex: She was terribly treated by the staff .Fue **terriblemente** maltratada por el personal.
tower block
[Sustantivo]

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

torre

torre

Ex: The view from the top of the tower block is breathtaking .La vista desde la parte superior del **rascacielos** es impresionante.
traffic jam
[Sustantivo]

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

atasco

atasco

Ex: The traffic jam cleared up after the accident was cleared from the road .El **embotellamiento** se disipó después de que el accidente fue retirado de la carretera.
conflict
[Sustantivo]

a state of frustration or anxiety caused by opposing desires or feelings at the same time

conflicto

conflicto

Ex: The conflict within her , torn between forgiveness and resentment , was palpable .El **conflicto** dentro de ella, desgarrada entre el perdón y el resentimiento, era palpable.
to cure
[Verbo]

to make someone regain their health

curar

curar

Ex: If the clinical trial is successful , the treatment will likely cure the disease .Si el ensayo clínico tiene éxito, el tratamiento probablemente **curará** la enfermedad.
debt
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

deuda

deuda

Ex: He repaid his friend , feeling relieved to be free of the personal debt he had owed for so long .Le pagó a su amigo, sintiéndose aliviado de estar libre de la **deuda** personal que había tenido durante tanto tiempo.
disease
[Sustantivo]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

enfermedad

enfermedad

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .La **enfermedad** se está propagando rápidamente entre la población.
fair trade
[Sustantivo]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

comercio justo

comercio justo

global warming
[Sustantivo]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

calentamiento global

calentamiento global

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .El **calentamiento global** amenaza los ecosistemas y la vida silvestre.
farming
[Sustantivo]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

agricultura

agricultura

Ex: Through farming, she learned the importance of patience and hard work .A través de **la agricultura**, aprendió la importancia de la paciencia y el trabajo duro.
mortality rate
[Sustantivo]

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

tasa de mortalidad, índice de mortalidad

tasa de mortalidad, índice de mortalidad

organic
[Adjetivo]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

orgánico

orgánico

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .La tienda tiene una amplia selección de bocadillos y bebidas **orgánicas**.
peace
[Sustantivo]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

paz

paz

Ex: She hoped for a future where peace would prevail around the world .Ella esperaba un futuro donde la **paz** prevaleciera en todo el mundo.
pollution
[Sustantivo]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

contaminación, polución

contaminación, polución

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .La **contaminación** causada por los desechos plásticos es una crisis ambiental creciente.
poverty
[Sustantivo]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

pobreza

pobreza

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.La organización benéfica se centra en proporcionar alimentos y refugio a quienes viven en la **pobreza**.
recycling
[Sustantivo]

the process of making waste products usable again

reciclaje

reciclaje

Ex: The city introduced a new recycling program .La ciudad introdujo un nuevo programa de **reciclaje**.
solar power
[Sustantivo]

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

energía solar, potencia solar

energía solar, potencia solar

Ex: The company specializes in designing solar power systems for households .La empresa se especializa en el diseño de sistemas de **energía solar** para hogares.

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

nivel de vida

nivel de vida

Ex: Economic policies that promote job creation and income growth can positively impact standard of living for citizens .
war
[Sustantivo]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

guerra

guerra

Ex: The nation remained at war until a peace agreement was signed .La nación permaneció en **guerra** hasta que se firmó un acuerdo de paz.
wealth
[Sustantivo]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

riqueza, fortuna

riqueza, fortuna

to promote
[Verbo]

to move to a higher position or rank

ascender, promover

ascender, promover

Ex: After the successful project , he was promoted to vice president .Después del proyecto exitoso, fue **ascendido** a vicepresidente.
to offer
[Verbo]

to present or propose something to someone

ofrecer

ofrecer

Ex: He generously offered his time and expertise to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs .Generosamente **ofreció** su tiempo y experiencia para asesorar a emprendedores aspirantes.
promotion
[Sustantivo]

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

promoción, ascenso

promoción, ascenso

Ex: The team celebrated her promotion with a surprise party .El equipo celebró su **promoción** con una fiesta sorpresa.
alternative
[Sustantivo]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternativa

alternativa

Ex: When the restaurant was full , we had to consider an alternative for dinner .Cuando el restaurante estaba lleno, tuvimos que considerar una **alternativa** para la cena.
to quit
[Verbo]

to give up your job, school, etc.

renunciar, dejar

renunciar, dejar

Ex: They 're worried more people will quit if conditions do n't improve .Les preocupa que más personas **renuncien** si las condiciones no mejoran.
to regret
[Verbo]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

lamentar, arrepentirse

lamentar, arrepentirse

Ex: They regretted not taking the job offer and wondered what could have been .Ellos **lament** no haber aceptado la oferta de trabajo y se preguntaron qué podría haber sido.

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

Ex: We took the plunge and set up our own business.
volunteer
[Sustantivo]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

voluntario,  voluntaria

voluntario, voluntaria

Ex: The local food bank was grateful for the volunteers who sorted and distributed donations to those in need .El banco de alimentos local estaba agradecido por los **voluntarios** que clasificaron y distribuyeron donaciones a los necesitados.
El libro Total English - Intermedio
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