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El libro Total English - Intermedio - Unidad 8 - Referencia

Aquí encontrarás el vocabulario de la Unidad 8 - Referencia en el libro de curso Total English Intermediate, como "drill", "comercio justo", "congestión", etc.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
career
[Sustantivo]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

carrera, profesión

carrera, profesión

Ex: After college, he began his career as a software engineer at a tech company. 

Después de la universidad, comenzó su carrera como ingeniero de software en una empresa de tecnología.

climate change
climate change
[Sustantivo]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

cambio climático

cambio climático

Ex: Droughts and floods are becoming more frequent due to climate change. 

Las sequías e inundaciones se están volviendo más frecuentes debido al cambio climático.

political
political
[Adjetivo]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

político

político

Ex: The political landscape of the country shifted dramatically after the election. 

El panorama político del país cambió drásticamente después de las elecciones.

arrangement
arrangement
[Sustantivo]

a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

acuerdo, arreglo

acuerdo, arreglo

Ex: We came to an arrangement about sharing the rent. 

Llegamos a un arreglo sobre compartir el alquiler.

hairstyle
hairstyle
[Sustantivo]

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

peinado

peinado

Ex: The magazine featured various trendy hairstyles for the season. 

La revista presentaba varios peinados de moda para la temporada.

tune
tune
[Sustantivo]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

tonada, tonada

tonada, tonada

Ex: The catchy tune of the song stayed in my head all day. 

La melodía pegadiza de la canción se quedó en mi cabeza todo el día.

against
against
[Preposición]

in opposition to someone or something

contra

contra

Ex: The team is playing against the national champions next week. 

El equipo juega contra los campeones nacionales la próxima semana.

law
law
[Sustantivo]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

ley

ley

Ex: They studied constitutional law in law school. 

Estudiaron derecho constitucional en la facultad de derecho.

appeal
appeal
[Sustantivo]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

apelación

apelación

Ex: Her lawyer prepared an appeal to challenge the ruling. 

Su abogado preparó un recurso para impugnar el fallo.

banned
banned
[Adjetivo]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

prohibido,  vetado

prohibido, vetado

to arrest
to arrest
[Verbo]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arrestar

arrestar

Ex: The authorities have the power to arrest those who are caught in the act of committing a crime. 

Las autoridades tienen el poder de arrestar a quienes son sorprendidos en el acto de cometer un crimen.

fine
fine
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa

multa

Ex: The fine for parking in a disabled parking spot without a permit is significant. 

La multa por estacionar en un lugar para discapacitados sin permiso es significativa.

illegal
illegal
[Adjetivo]

forbidden by the law

ilegal

ilegal

Ex: Crossing the border without proper documentation is considered illegal immigration. 

Cruzar la frontera sin la documentación adecuada se considera inmigración ilegal.

architecture
architecture
[Sustantivo]

the study or art of building and designing houses

arquitectura

arquitectura

Ex: Many students choose to study architecture to learn how to design buildings that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. 

Muchos estudiantes eligen estudiar arquitectura para aprender a diseñar edificios que sean tanto funcionales como estéticamente agradables.

building
building
[Sustantivo]

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

edificio, construcción

edificio, construcción

Ex: The school building has a playground for the students. 

El edificio de la escuela tiene un patio de recreo para los estudiantes.

congestion
congestion
[Sustantivo]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

congestión, embotellamiento

congestión, embotellamiento

Ex: The road was completely blocked due to congestion from an accident. 

La carretera estaba completamente bloqueada debido a la congestión por un accidente.

construction
construction
[Sustantivo]

the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

construcción

construcción

Ex: Safety regulations are critical during construction projects. 

Las regulaciones de seguridad son críticas durante los proyectos de construcción.

to drill
to drill
[Verbo]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

taladrar, perforar

taladrar, perforar

Ex: The DIY enthusiast drilled holes in the plastic container to create drainage for the plants. 

El entusiasta del bricolaje taladró agujeros en el contenedor de plástico para crear drenaje para las plantas.

exhaust fumes
exhaust fumes
[Sustantivo]

waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

gases de escape, humos de escape

gases de escape, humos de escape

Ex: Cyclists in the city wear masks to filter out harmful exhaust fumes. 

Los ciclistas en la ciudad usan máscaras para filtrar los gases de escape nocivos.

heat wave
heat wave
[Sustantivo]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

ola de calor

ola de calor

Ex: Many schools canceled outdoor activities due to the dangerous conditions brought on by the heat wave. 

Muchas escuelas cancelaron las actividades al aire libre debido a las condiciones peligrosas provocadas por la ola de calor.

horn
horn
[Sustantivo]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

claxon, bocina

claxon, bocina

Ex: The horn blared as the truck drove past. 

La bocina sonó cuando el camión pasó.

to honk
to honk
[Verbo]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

tocar la bocina, pitar

tocar la bocina, pitar

Ex: The referee honked the air horn to signal the end of the game. 

El árbitro tocó la bocina para señalar el final del juego.

rush hour
rush hour
[Sustantivo]

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

hora pico, hora punta

hora pico, hora punta

Ex: The local news reported on the construction project affecting rush hour traffic patterns. 

Las noticias locales informaron sobre el proyecto de construcción que afecta los patrones de tráfico en la hora pico.

terribly
terribly
[Adverbio]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

terriblemente

terriblemente

Ex: He played terribly during the tournament. 

Jugó terriblemente mal durante el torneo.

tower block
tower block
[Sustantivo]

a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

torre

torre

Ex: The council decided to renovate the tower block to improve living conditions. 

El consejo decidió renovar el bloque de torres para mejorar las condiciones de vida.

traffic jam
traffic jam
[Sustantivo]

a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

atasco

atasco

Ex: The traffic jam stretched for miles, causing frustration among drivers. 

El embotellamiento se extendía por millas, causando frustración entre los conductores.

conflict
conflict
[Sustantivo]

tension or opposition between two simultaneous, incompatible feelings

conflicto

conflicto

Ex: She struggled with the conflict between hope and doubt. 

Ella luchó con el conflicto entre la esperanza y la duda.

to cure
to cure
[Verbo]

to make someone regain their health

curar

curar

Ex: Proper medication and lifestyle changes can help cure certain health conditions. 

La medicación adecuada y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a curar ciertas condiciones de salud.

debt
debt
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

deuda

deuda

Ex: She felt a deep sense of debt to her mentor, who had guided her throughout her career. 

Ella sintió un profundo sentido de deuda hacia su mentor, quien la había guiado a lo largo de su carrera.

disease
disease
[Sustantivo]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

enfermedad

enfermedad

Ex: She campaigns for awareness of the disease. 

Ella hace campaña para concienciar sobre la enfermedad.

fair trade
fair trade
[Sustantivo]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

comercio justo

comercio justo

global warming
global warming
[Sustantivo]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

calentamiento global

calentamiento global

Ex: Global warming is causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate. 

El calentamiento global está provocando que los glaciares se derritan a un ritmo alarmante.

farming
farming
[Sustantivo]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

agricultura

agricultura

Ex: In rural areas, farming is often the primary means of livelihood. 

En las zonas rurales, la agricultura suele ser el principal medio de vida.

mortality rate
mortality rate
[Sustantivo]

the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

tasa de mortalidad, índice de mortalidad

tasa de mortalidad, índice de mortalidad

organic
organic
[Adjetivo]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

orgánico

orgánico

Ex: Many consumers prefer organic food due to its perceived health benefits and lower environmental impact. 

Muchos consumidores prefieren los alimentos orgánicos debido a sus beneficios percibidos para la salud y su menor impacto ambiental.

peace
peace
[Sustantivo]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

paz

paz

Ex: The treaty brought a long-awaited peace to the region. 

El tratado trajo una paz largamente esperada a la región.

pollution
pollution
[Sustantivo]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

contaminación, polución

contaminación, polución

Ex: Due to the severe pollution, many species of birds no longer visit the area. 

Debido a la grave contaminación, muchas especies de aves ya no visitan el área.

poverty
poverty
[Sustantivo]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

pobreza

pobreza

Ex: Education is seen as a key to escaping the cycle of poverty. 

La educación es vista como una clave para escapar del ciclo de la pobreza.

recycling
recycling
[Sustantivo]

the process of making waste products usable again

reciclaje

reciclaje

Ex: Factories use advanced recycling methods for metals. 

Las fábricas utilizan métodos avanzados de reciclaje para los metales.

solar power
solar power
[Sustantivo]

energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

energía solar, potencia solar

energía solar, potencia solar

Ex: They installed solar panels to harness solar power for their farm. 

Instalaron paneles solares para aprovechar la energía solar para su granja.

standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

nivel de vida

nivel de vida

Ex: Many people seek job opportunities abroad to achieve a higher standard of living for their families. 
war
war
[Sustantivo]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

guerra

guerra

Ex: The impact of war on civilians is often devastating, leading to displacement, injury, and loss. 

El impacto de la guerra en los civiles suele ser devastador, lo que lleva al desplazamiento, lesiones y pérdidas.

wealth
wealth
[Sustantivo]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

riqueza, fortuna

riqueza, fortuna

to promote
to promote
[Verbo]

to move to a higher position or rank

ascender, promover

ascender, promover

Ex: He was promoted to vice president of sales for his outstanding performance. 

Fue ascendido a vicepresidente de ventas por su desempeño excepcional.

to offer
to offer
[Verbo]

to present or propose something to someone

ofrecer

ofrecer

Ex: The teacher offered valuable feedback to help the students improve their work. 
promotion
promotion
[Sustantivo]

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

promoción, ascenso

promoción, ascenso

Ex: His hard work and dedication led to a quick promotion. 

Su arduo trabajo y dedicación llevaron a un rápido ascenso.

alternative
alternative
[Sustantivo]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternativa

alternativa

Ex: You can either take the train or the bus, but there’s no third alternative. 

Puedes tomar el tren o el autobús, pero no hay una tercera alternativa.

to quit
to quit
[Verbo]

to give up your job, school, etc.

renunciar, dejar

renunciar, dejar

Ex: Many advised her not to quit, but she felt it was right. 

Muchos le aconsejaron que no renunciara, pero ella sintió que era lo correcto.

to regret
to regret
[Verbo]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

lamentar, arrepentirse

lamentar, arrepentirse

Ex: He regretted not telling his friend how much he appreciated their friendship before it was too late. 

Él lamentó no haberle dicho a su amigo cuánto apreciaba su amistad antes de que fuera demasiado tarde.

to [take] the plunge

to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

lanzarse, atreverse de una vez

lanzarse, atreverse de una vez

Ex: They knew the renovation would be stressful, but they took the plunge anyway. 

Sabían que la reforma sería estresante, pero aun así se lanzaron.

volunteer
volunteer
[Sustantivo]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

voluntario,  voluntaria

voluntario, voluntaria

Ex: As a volunteer firefighter, he was always ready to respond to emergencies in his community. 

Como bombero voluntario, siempre estaba listo para responder a emergencias en su comunidad.

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