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Total English - Intermediate - Unit 8 - Reference

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 8 - Reference in the Total English Intermediate coursebook, such as "drill", "fair trade", "congestion", etc.

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Total English - Intermediate
career
[noun]

a profession or a series of professions that one can do for a long period of one's life

Ex: He 's had a diverse career, including stints as a musician and a graphic designer .
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a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .
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political
[Adjective]

related to or involving the governance of a country or territory

Ex: The media plays a crucial role in informing the public about political developments and holding elected officials accountable .
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a mutual understanding or agreement established between people

Ex: The arrangement for the wedding ceremony was very detailed .
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hairstyle
[noun]

the way in which a person's hair is arranged or cut

Ex: They experimented with different hairstyles until they found the perfect one .
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tune
[noun]

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a specific order to create a recognizable piece of music

Ex: He can play almost any tune on his guitar by ear .
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against
[preposition]

in opposition to someone or something

Ex: We must protect the environment against pollution .
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law
[noun]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.
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appeal
[noun]

a legal procedure in which a higher court is asked to review and overturn a lower court's decision

Ex: The Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal.
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banned
[Adjective]

prohibited or not allowed by law, rule, or authority

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to arrest
[Verb]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .
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fine
[noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .
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illegal
[Adjective]

forbidden by the law

Ex: Employers who discriminate against employees based on race or gender are engaging in illegal behavior .
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the study or art of building and designing houses

Ex: She was drawn to architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .
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building
[noun]

a structure that has walls, a roof, and sometimes many levels, like an apartment, house, school, etc.

Ex: The workers construct the building from the ground up .
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a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

Ex: Traffic congestion is a major issue during the holidays.
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the process of building or creating something, such as structures, machines, or infrastructure

Ex: Road construction caused delays in traffic.
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to drill
[Verb]

to make a hole or opening in something using a rotating tool

Ex: The mechanic drilled holes in the car's chassis to install the new parts.
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waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

Ex: Studies link long-term exposure to vehicle exhaust fumes with respiratory ailments .
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heat wave
[noun]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

Ex: During a heat wave, it ’s important to check on elderly neighbors who may be more vulnerable to extreme temperatures .
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horn
[noun]

a device placed inside of a vehicle that makes an alarming and loud sound, used to give a warning or signal to others

Ex: She tapped the horn to let the driver in front know the light had turned green .
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to honk
[Verb]

to cause a horn, particularly of a vehicle, to make a loud noise

Ex: She honks to greet her friend waiting on the sidewalk .
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rush hour
[noun]

a time of day at which traffic is the heaviest because people are leaving for work or home

Ex: She planned her errands around rush hour to avoid getting stuck in traffic .
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terribly
[Adverb]

in a very unpleasant, poor, or painful manner

Ex: She was terribly treated by the staff .
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a very tall building that is divided into several apartments or offices

Ex: The view from the top of the tower block is breathtaking .
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a large number of bikes, cars, buses, etc. that are waiting in lines behind each other which move very slowly

Ex: The traffic jam cleared up after the accident was cleared from the road .
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conflict
[noun]

a state of frustration or anxiety caused by opposing desires or feelings at the same time

Ex: The conflict within her , torn between forgiveness and resentment , was palpable .
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to cure
[Verb]

to make someone regain their health

Ex: If the clinical trial is successful , the treatment will likely cure the disease .
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debt
[noun]

an amount of money or a favor that is owed

Ex: He repaid his friend , feeling relieved to be free of the personal debt he had owed for so long .
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disease
[noun]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .
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trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

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the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .
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farming
[noun]

the activity of working on a farm and growing crops or producing animal products by raising them

Ex: Through farming, she learned the importance of patience and hard work .
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the number of deaths in a particular population over a specific period of time, usually expressed as a ratio or percentage

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organic
[Adjective]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .
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peace
[noun]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

Ex: She hoped for a future where peace would prevail around the world .
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pollution
[noun]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .
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poverty
[noun]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.
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recycling
[noun]

the process of making waste products usable again

Ex: The city introduced a new recycling program .
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energy that is generated from the sun's radiation using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity

Ex: The company specializes in designing solar power systems for households .
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the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

Ex: Economic policies that promote job creation and income growth can positively impact the standard of living for citizens.
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war
[noun]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

Ex: The nation remained at war until a peace agreement was signed .
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wealth
[noun]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

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to move to a higher position or rank

Ex: After the successful project , he was promoted to vice president .
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to offer
[Verb]

to present or propose something to someone

Ex: He generously offered his time and expertise to mentor aspiring entrepreneurs .
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promotion
[noun]

an act of raising someone to a higher rank or position

Ex: The team celebrated her promotion with a surprise party .
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any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

Ex: When the restaurant was full , we had to consider an alternative for dinner .
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to quit
[Verb]

to give up your job, school, etc.

Ex: They 're worried more people will quit if conditions do n't improve .
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to regret
[Verb]

to feel sad, sorry, or disappointed about something that has happened or something that you have done, often wishing it had been different

Ex: They regretted not taking the job offer and wondered what could have been .
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to devote one's time and energy to doing or finishing something one was nervous about

Ex: We took the plunge and set up our own business.
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volunteer
[noun]

a person who offers to do something, often without being asked or without expecting payment

Ex: The local food bank was grateful for the volunteers who sorted and distributed donations to those in need .
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Total English - Intermediate
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