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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 5) - Law

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au droit qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS de base.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
law
[nom]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

loi, législation

loi, législation

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.Il est important de connaître vos droits en vertu de la **loi**.
lawyer
[nom]

a person who practices or studies law, advises people about the law or represents them in court

avocat, avocate

avocat, avocate

Ex: During the consultation , the lawyer explained the legal process and what steps she needed to take next .Pendant la consultation, l'**avocat** a expliqué le processus juridique et les étapes qu'elle devait entreprendre ensuite.
judge
[nom]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

juge

juge

Ex: She retired after serving as a judge for over thirty years .Elle a pris sa retraite après avoir servi en tant que **juge** pendant plus de trente ans.
witness
[nom]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

témoin, témoin oculaire

témoin, témoin oculaire

Ex: The only witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .Le seul **témoin** du crime hésitait à se manifester par crainte pour sa sécurité.

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

témoignage, déposition

témoignage, déposition

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony.L'avocat de la défense a contre-interrogé le témoin pour contester la crédibilité de leur **déclaration**.

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

preuve,  témoignage

preuve, témoignage

Ex: The evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .Les **preuves** étaient accablantes et le jury a rapidement rendu un verdict, condamnant l'accusé sur tous les chefs d'accusation.
oath
[nom]

a serious promise or statement made by someone to tell the truth, often with the belief that breaking the promise will have serious consequences

serment, promesse solennelle

serment, promesse solennelle

Ex: Breaking an oath can lead to severe consequences and loss of trust .Rompre un **serment** peut entraîner de graves conséquences et une perte de confiance.
right
[nom]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

légitime

légitime

Ex: Human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security.Les droits de l'homme incluent le **droit** à la vie, à la liberté et à la sécurité.
duty
[nom]

an obligatory task that must be done as one's job

responsabilité

responsabilité

Ex: They emphasized the importance of performing one 's duty with integrity .Ils ont souligné l'importance d'accomplir son **devoir** avec intégrité.
trial
[nom]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

procès

procès

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .L'avocat s'est préparé intensément pour le **procès**, rassemblant tous les documents nécessaires et les déclarations des témoins.
jury
[nom]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

jury

jury

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .Le **jury** était composé de personnes de différentes professions et origines.
justice
[nom]

the principle of moral or legal righteousness, equity, and impartiality

justice

justice

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentence, peine, condamnation

sentence, peine, condamnation

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .Il a reçu une **peine** de dix ans pour vol.
bill
[nom]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

projet de loi

projet de loi

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .Le **projet de loi** a été retardé dans le processus législatif en raison de désaccords entre les membres du comité.

the power or authority of a court of law or an organization to make legal decisions and judgements

juridiction, compétence

juridiction, compétence

Ex: The Supreme Court clarified its jurisdiction in interpreting constitutional issues .La Cour suprême a clarifié sa **juridiction** dans l'interprétation des questions constitutionnelles.
will
[nom]

a legal document that a person writes to decide what happens to their belongings after their death

a written request, signed by a group of people, that asks an organization or government to take a specific action

pétition, requête

pétition, requête

plea
[nom]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

appel, demande, requête

appel, demande, requête

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.L'avocat de la défense a plaidé pour une réduction des charges sur la base du **plaidoyer** négocié avec l'accusation.

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

condamner

condamner

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .Après le procès, le juge a soigneusement **condamné** le meurtrier reconnu coupable.
to charge
[verbe]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

inculper

inculper

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .En ce moment, l'équipe juridique **accuse** les individus impliqués dans le scandale de corruption.
to condemn
[verbe]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

condamner

condamner

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .Le tribunal a **condamné** le baron de la drogue à des décennies derrière les barreaux pour avoir trafiqué de grandes quantités de substances illégales.
to violate
[verbe]

to disobey or break a regulation, an agreement, etc.

violer

violer

Ex: The organization was fined for violating data protection laws .L'organisation a été condamnée à une amende pour **violation** des lois sur la protection des données.
to enforce
[verbe]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

faire appliquer, faire respecter

faire appliquer, faire respecter

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .Le personnel de sécurité **fait respecter** les règles du lieu pour assurer la sécurité et le plaisir de tous les participants.
to reform
[verbe]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

réformer

réformer

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .Le conseil scolaire envisage de **réformer** le système de notation pour mieux refléter les performances des élèves.

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

interroger

interroger

Ex: The investigator spent hours interrogating the suspect to unravel the motives behind the incident .L'enquêteur a passé des heures à **interroger** le suspect pour démêler les motifs de l'incident.
to convict
[verbe]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

reconnaître coupable

reconnaître coupable

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has occasionally convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .Au fil des ans, le système juridique a occasionnellement **condamné** des personnalités de haut niveau pour diverses infractions.
counsel
[nom]

a lawyer who represents and gives legal advice to someone in court

Ex: The prosecution 's counsel called the first witness to the stand .
redress
[nom]

a sum of money paid to someone to make up for the damage or harm done to them

réparation, dédommagement

réparation, dédommagement

Ex: The insurance company offered redress to cover the cost of the stolen goods .
to abolish
[verbe]

to officially put an end to a law, activity, or system

abolir

abolir

Ex: The city has abolished the use of plastic bags .La ville a **aboli** l'utilisation des sacs en plastique.

to permit something by law, granting people the right or freedom to do it

légaliser

légaliser

Ex: Some countries are looking to legalize the use of cryptocurrency for everyday transactions .Certains pays envisagent de **légaliser** l'utilisation de la cryptomonnaie pour les transactions quotidiennes.
Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 5)
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