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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5) - Law

ここでは、基本的なアカデミックIELTS試験に必要な法律に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
law
[名詞]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

法律, 法

法律, 法

Ex: It 's important to know your rights under the law.**法律**の下であなたの権利を知ることは重要です。
lawyer
[名詞]

a person who practices or studies law, advises people about the law or represents them in court

弁護士, 法律家

弁護士, 法律家

Ex: During the consultation , the lawyer explained the legal process and what steps she needed to take next .相談の際、**弁護士**は法的プロセスと次に取るべきステップについて説明しました。
judge
[名詞]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

裁判官, 判事

裁判官, 判事

Ex: She retired after serving as a judge for over thirty years .彼女は30年以上**裁判官**として勤めた後、引退しました。
witness
[名詞]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

目撃者, 証人

目撃者, 証人

Ex: The only witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .犯罪の唯一の**目撃者**は、自身の安全を恐れて前に出るのをためらった。
testimony
[名詞]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

証言, 供述

証言, 供述

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony.弁護側の弁護士は、証人の**証言**の信憑性に疑問を投げかけるために反対尋問を行った。
evidence
[名詞]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

証拠,  証言

証拠, 証言

Ex: The evidence was overwhelming , and the jury quickly reached a verdict , convicting the defendant of all charges .**証拠**は圧倒的で、陪審員はすぐに評決を下し、被告をすべての罪状で有罪とした。
oath
[名詞]

a serious promise or statement made by someone to tell the truth, often with the belief that breaking the promise will have serious consequences

誓い, 厳粛な約束

誓い, 厳粛な約束

Ex: Breaking an oath can lead to severe consequences and loss of trust .**誓い**を破ると、深刻な結果と信頼の喪失につながる可能性があります。
right
[名詞]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

権利, 特権

権利, 特権

Ex: Human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security.人権には、生命、自由、および安全に対する**権利**が含まれます。
duty
[名詞]

an obligatory task that must be done as one's job

義務, 任務

義務, 任務

Ex: They emphasized the importance of performing one 's duty with integrity .彼らは、誠実に**義務**を果たすことの重要性を強調しました。
trial
[名詞]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

裁判, 公判

裁判, 公判

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .弁護士は**裁判**のために広範に準備し、必要なすべての書類と証人陳述を集めた。
jury
[名詞]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

陪審, 陪審員パネル

陪審, 陪審員パネル

Ex: The jury was composed of individuals from various professions and backgrounds .**陪審員**は、さまざまな職業や背景を持つ個人で構成されていました。
justice
[名詞]

the principle of moral or legal righteousness, equity, and impartiality

正義

正義

sentence
[名詞]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

刑, 判決

刑, 判決

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .彼は強盗で10年の**刑**を言い渡された。
bill
[名詞]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 法律提案

法案, 法律提案

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .委員会メンバー間の意見の相違により、**法案**は立法プロセスで遅れました。
jurisdiction
[名詞]

the power or authority of a court of law or an organization to make legal decisions and judgements

管轄, 裁判権

管轄, 裁判権

Ex: The Supreme Court clarified its jurisdiction in interpreting constitutional issues .最高裁判所は、憲法問題の解釈におけるその**管轄権**を明らかにした。
will
[名詞]

a legal document that a person writes to decide what happens to their belongings after their death

petition
[名詞]

a written request, signed by a group of people, that asks an organization or government to take a specific action

請願, 嘆願書

請願, 嘆願書

plea
[名詞]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

陳述, 抗弁

陳述, 抗弁

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.弁護人は、検察と交渉した**司法取引**に基づいて、罪状の軽減を主張した。
to sentence
[動詞]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判決を下す

判決を下す

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .裁判の後、裁判官は慎重に有罪判決を受けた殺人者を**宣告した**。
to charge
[動詞]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

起訴する, 告訴する

起訴する, 告訴する

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .現在、法務チームは汚職スキャンダルに関与した個人を**起訴**しています。
to condemn
[動詞]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

非難する, 厳しく罰する

非難する, 厳しく罰する

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .裁判所は、大量の違法物質の取引で麻薬王を数十年間の投獄に**処した**。
to violate
[動詞]

to disobey or break a regulation, an agreement, etc.

違反する, 破る

違反する, 破る

Ex: The organization was fined for violating data protection laws .その組織はデータ保護法を**違反**したとして罰金を科された。
to enforce
[動詞]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

施行する, 遵守を確保する

施行する, 遵守を確保する

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .警備員は、すべての参加者の安全と楽しみを確保するために会場の規則を**施行します**。
to reform
[動詞]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

改革する, 改善する

改革する, 改善する

Ex: The school board is considering reforming the grading system to better reflect student performance .教育委員会は、生徒の成績をよりよく反映させるために評定システムの**改革**を検討しています。

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

尋問する

尋問する

Ex: The investigator spent hours interrogating the suspect to unravel the motives behind the incident .調査官は、事件の背後にある動機を解明するために、容疑者を何時間も**尋問**しました。
to convict
[動詞]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

有罪判決を下す, 有罪と宣告する

有罪判決を下す, 有罪と宣告する

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has occasionally convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .長年にわたり、司法制度は時折、様々な犯罪で有名な人物を**有罪判決**してきました。
counsel
[名詞]

a lawyer who represents and gives legal advice to someone in court

Ex: The prosecution 's counsel called the first witness to the stand .
redress
[名詞]

a sum of money paid to someone to make up for the damage or harm done to them

賠償, 補償

賠償, 補償

Ex: The insurance company offered redress to cover the cost of the stolen goods .
to abolish
[動詞]

to officially put an end to a law, activity, or system

廃止する, 撤廃する

廃止する, 撤廃する

Ex: The city has abolished the use of plastic bags .その都市はビニール袋の使用を**廃止**しました。
to legalize
[動詞]

to permit something by law, granting people the right or freedom to do it

合法化する, 法律で許可する

合法化する, 法律で許可する

Ex: Some countries are looking to legalize the use of cryptocurrency for everyday transactions .いくつかの国では、日常の取引に暗号通貨の使用を**合法化**することを検討しています。
IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5)
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