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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 5) - Ley

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Ley que son necesarias para el examen académico básico de IELTS.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
law
law
[Sustantivo]

a country's rules that all of its citizens are required to obey

ley

ley

Ex: They studied constitutional law in law school. 

Estudiaron derecho constitucional en la facultad de derecho.

lawyer
lawyer
[Sustantivo]

a person who practices or studies law, advises people about the law or represents them in court

abogado

abogado

Ex: The lawyer presented a compelling argument in court that swayed the jury's decision. 

El abogado presentó un argumento convincente en el tribunal que influyó en la decisión del jurado.

judge
judge
[Sustantivo]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

juez

juez

Ex: He's known for being a fair and impartial judge in the courtroom. 

Es conocido por ser un juez justo e imparcial en el tribunal.

witness
witness
[Sustantivo]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

testigo, testigo presencial

testigo, testigo presencial

Ex: The witness identified the suspect in a police lineup after the incident. 

El testigo identificó al sospechoso en una rueda de reconocimiento después del incidente.

testimony
testimony
[Sustantivo]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonio, declaración

testimonio, declaración

Ex: Her testimony was crucial in establishing the defendant's guilt. 

Su testimonio fue crucial para establecer la culpabilidad del acusado.

evidence
evidence
[Sustantivo]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

prueba,  evidencia

prueba, evidencia

Ex: The evidence presented in court included surveillance footage that clearly showed the accused committing the robbery. 

Las pruebas presentadas en el tribunal incluyeron imágenes de vigilancia que mostraban claramente al acusado cometiendo el robo.

oath
oath
[Sustantivo]

a serious promise or statement made by someone to tell the truth, often with the belief that breaking the promise will have serious consequences

juramento, promesa solemne

juramento, promesa solemne

Ex: She took an oath of loyalty when she joined the organization. 

Ella hizo un juramento de lealtad cuando se unió a la organización.

right
right
[Sustantivo]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

legítimo

legítimo

Ex: She fought for her right to receive equal pay for equal work. 

Ella luchó por su derecho a recibir igual salario por igual trabajo.

duty
duty
[Sustantivo]

an obligatory task that must be done as one's job

deber, obligación

deber, obligación

Ex: They discussed the duties of each team member during the meeting. 

Discutieron los deberes de cada miembro del equipo durante la reunión.

trial
trial
[Sustantivo]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

juicio

juicio

Ex: After a lengthy trial, the defendant was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison. 

Después de un largo juicio, el acusado fue declarado culpable y condenado a diez años de prisión.

jury
jury
[Sustantivo]

a group of twelve citizens, who listen to the details of a case in the court of law in order to decide the guiltiness or innocence of a defendant

jurado

jurado

Ex: The judge instructed the jury to focus solely on the evidence presented during the trial. 

El juez instruyó al jurado a centrarse únicamente en las pruebas presentadas durante el juicio.

justice
justice
[Sustantivo]

the exercise of judgment in determining rights, duties, or assigning rewards and punishments

justicia

justicia

Ex: Citizens rely on the government to maintain justice. 

Los ciudadanos dependen del gobierno para mantener la justicia.

sentence
sentence
[Sustantivo]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentencia

sentencia

Ex: His lawyer appealed the harsh sentence. 

Su abogado apeló la sentencia severa.

bill
bill
[Sustantivo]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

proyecto de ley

proyecto de ley

Ex: The public had the opportunity to comment on the bill before it was voted on. 

El público tuvo la oportunidad de comentar el proyecto de ley antes de que se votara.

jurisdiction
jurisdiction
[Sustantivo]

the power or authority of a court of law or an organization to make legal decisions and judgements

jurisdicción

jurisdicción

Ex: The tribal council asserted jurisdiction over matters concerning land use within the reservation. 

El consejo tribal afirmó la jurisdicción sobre los asuntos relacionados con el uso de la tierra dentro de la reserva.

will
will
[Sustantivo]

a legal document that a person writes to decide what happens to their belongings after their death

testamento, última voluntad

testamento, última voluntad

Ex: Without a will, the court decides how to distribute a person's belongings. 

Sin un testamento, el tribunal decide cómo distribuir las pertenencias de una persona.

petition
petition
[Sustantivo]

a written request, signed by a group of people, that asks an organization or government to take a specific action

petición, solicitud

petición, solicitud

Ex: The petition called for stricter laws against plastic pollution. 

La petición pedía leyes más estrictas contra la contaminación por plásticos.

plea
plea
[Sustantivo]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

declaración

declaración

Ex: She entered a plea of guilty to avoid a lengthy court proceeding. 

Ella presentó una declaración de culpabilidad para evitar un largo proceso judicial.

to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

sentenciar

sentenciar

Ex: The judge carefully considered the evidence before deciding how to sentence the defendant. 

El juez consideró cuidadosamente la evidencia antes de decidir cómo sentenciar al acusado.

to charge
to charge
[Verbo]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

acusar

acusar

Ex: The district attorney is considering whether to charge the defendant with assault. 

El fiscal del distrito está considerando si acusar al acusado de agresión.

to condemn
to condemn
[Verbo]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

condenar

condenar

Ex: In some countries, certain crimes can lead to being condemned to death penalty by lethal injection. 

En algunos países, ciertos delitos pueden llevar a ser condenado a la pena de muerte por inyección letal.

to violate
to violate
[Verbo]

to disobey or break a regulation, an agreement, etc.

violar

violar

Ex: The athlete was suspended for violating the anti-doping policies. 

El atleta fue suspendido por violar las políticas antidopaje.

to enforce
to enforce
[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: It is important to enforce safety regulations to prevent workplace accidents. 

Es importante hacer cumplir las normas de seguridad para prevenir accidentes laborales.

to reform
to reform
[Verbo]

to make a society, law, system, or organization better or more effective by making many changes to it

reformarse

reformarse

Ex: The organization plans to reform its fundraising strategies to increase revenue and support its mission. 

La organización planea reformar sus estrategias de recaudación de fondos para aumentar los ingresos y apoyar su misión.

to interrogate

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

interrogar

interrogar

Ex: The prosecutor sought permission to interrogate the key witness to strengthen the case. 

El fiscal solicitó permiso para interrogar al testigo clave para fortalecer el caso.

to convict
to convict
[Verbo]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

condenar

condenar

Ex: The prosecutor worked diligently to build a strong case that would convict the accused. 

El fiscal trabajó diligentemente para construir un caso sólido que condenaría al acusado.

counsel
counsel
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who represents and gives legal advice to someone in court

abogado, consejero legal

abogado, consejero legal

Ex: The judge asked the counsel to present their evidence. 

El juez le pidió al abogado que presentara sus pruebas.

redress
redress
[Sustantivo]

a sum of money paid to someone to make up for the damage or harm done to them

reparación, indemnización

reparación, indemnización

Ex: The new law ensures fair redress for customers misled by false advertising. 

La nueva ley garantiza una reparación justa para los clientes engañados por la publicidad falsa.

to abolish
to abolish
[Verbo]

to officially put an end to a law, activity, or system

abolir, suprimir

abolir, suprimir

Ex: The organization plans to abolish the use of single-use plastics. 

La organización planea abolir el uso de plásticos de un solo uso.

to legalize

to permit something by law, granting people the right or freedom to do it

legalizar

legalizar

Ex: By the time I moved to that country, they had already legalized the sale of alcohol on Sundays. 

Para cuando me mudé a ese país, ya habían legalizado la venta de alcohol los domingos.

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