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Santé et Maladie - Noms Généraux Liés à la Santé et à La Maladie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques noms généraux en anglais liés à la santé et à la maladie tels que "condition", "épidémie" et "porteur".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
illness
illness
[nom]

the state of being physically or mentally sick

maladie

maladie

Ex: Illness prevented her from attending the family gathering. 
disease
disease
[nom]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

maladie

maladie

Ex: Many diseases can be prevented through vaccination. 
sickness

the state of being ill or in poor health

maladie

maladie

Ex: The insurance provides financial support during periods of sickness. 
infection

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infection

infection

Ex: Infection occurs when a harmful organism enters and multiplies in the body. 
disorder

an illness or condition that disrupts normal physical or mental functioning

troubles

troubles

Ex: The clinic specializes in treating anxiety disorders. 
complaint

a typically minor health issue or condition for which one seeks medical assistance

affection

affection

Ex: His frequent headaches were a longstanding complaint that he wanted to address. 
condition

a medical problem, such as a disorder, illness, etc.

maladie, problème

maladie, problème

Ex: The doctor diagnosed him with a rare condition that affects his mobility. 
epidemic

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

épidémie

épidémie

Ex: Health officials worked to contain the epidemic. 
contagion

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

contagion

contagion

Ex: The movie depicted a terrifying scenario where a deadly contagion swept through the city, causing widespread panic. 

Le film dépeignait un scénario terrifiant où une contagion mortelle balayait la ville, provoquant une panique généralisée.

affliction

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

affliction

affliction

Ex: Mental health professionals offer counseling and support to individuals struggling with emotional afflictions such as depression or anxiety. 

Les professionnels de la santé mentale offrent des conseils et un soutien aux personnes aux prises avec des afflictions émotionnelles telles que la dépression ou l'anxiété.

bug
bug
[nom]

a tiny living organism that can cause disease

microbes, saloperie

microbes, saloperie

Ex: Scientists study bugs under microscopes. 

Les scientifiques étudient les microbes sous les microscopes.

burnout
burnout
[nom]

a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by stress, overwork, or a lack of balance between work and personal life

épuisement

épuisement

Ex: Burnout among healthcare workers has become increasingly prevalent due to the intense demands of the profession, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

L'épuisement professionnel parmi les travailleurs de la santé est devenu de plus en plus répandu en raison des exigences intenses de la profession, surtout pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.

indisposition

a mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities

indisposition, malaise

indisposition, malaise

Ex: The student requested a brief leave of absence from school due to a sudden indisposition. 

L'étudiant a demandé un bref congé de l'école en raison d'une indisposition soudaine.

infirmity

the state of being weak and unhealthy, especially due to old age or sickness

infirmité

infirmité

Ex: After the accident, he struggled with a physical infirmity that required him to use a walking stick. 

Après l'accident, il a lutté contre une infirmité physique qui l'obligeait à utiliser une canne.

insanity

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

folie, aliénation mentale

folie, aliénation mentale

Ex: Historically, schizophrenia was wrongly labeled as insanity. 

Historiquement, la schizophrénie était à tort qualifiée de folie.

insufficiency

a bodily system or organ's failure to function in an effective or typical manner

insuffisance, défaillance

insuffisance, défaillance

Ex: Liver insufficiency hinders detoxification and production of vital proteins. 

L'insuffisance hépatique entrave la détoxification et la production de protéines vitales.

malaise
malaise
[nom]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malaise

malaise

Ex: She was feeling a sense of malaise and lack of motivation following her breakup. 

Elle ressentait un sentiment de malaise et un manque de motivation après sa rupture.

mental illness

conditions affecting how a person thinks, feels, behaves, or their mood, often needing medical or therapeutic help

maladie mentale

maladie mentale

Ex: Seeking help for mental illness is a sign of strength and resilience. 

Demander de l'aide pour une maladie mentale est un signe de force et de résilience.

pandemic

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

pandémie

pandémie

Ex: During pandemics, healthcare systems face an enormous strain from the surge in patients. 
syndrome

a characteristic pattern of attitudes, behavior, or qualities associated with a particular type of person or situation

syndrome

syndrome

Ex: The report describes a blame-the-other-side syndrome within the organization. 
lump
lump
[nom]

a swelling or hard mass in or on the body, especially one caused by illness or injury

grosseur, protubérance, bosse, tumeur

grosseur, protubérance, bosse, tumeur

Ex: The doctor examined the lump under Daniel's skin. 
cough
cough
[nom]

an illness or condition that causes someone to cough frequently

toux

toux

Ex: Daniel developed a persistent cough after his cold. 
trauma
trauma
[nom]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

traumatisme

traumatisme

Ex: The boxer suffered from severe brain trauma after receiving repeated blows to the head during the match. 

Le boxeur a souffert d'un traumatisme cérébral sévère après avoir reçu des coups répétés à la tête pendant le match.

injury
injury
[nom]

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

blessure

blessure

Ex: He got an injury playing football yesterday. 
incapacity

‌the state of being physically or mentally unable to do one's work or to manage one's affairs

incapacité

incapacité

bout
bout
[nom]

a short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

accès, poussée,	quinte

accès, poussée, quinte

Ex: She experienced a bout of food poisoning after eating undercooked chicken at the restaurant. 

Elle a connu une crise d'intoxication alimentaire après avoir mangé du poulet mal cuit au restaurant.

carrier
carrier
[nom]

a person or animal that carries an infectious agent without showing symptoms and can transmit it to others

porteur

porteur

Ex: The animal may act as a carrier of the virus. 
community spread

the outbreak of a contagious illness among the people of a particular region where the source of the infection is not easily traceable

propagation communautaire

propagation communautaire

Ex: To prevent community spread, it is essential to follow social distancing guidelines and wear masks in public. 

Pour prévenir la propagation communautaire, il est essentiel de suivre les directives de distanciation sociale et de porter des masques en public.

dehydration

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

déshydratation

déshydratation

exacerbation

the act of aggravating a disease, pain, illness, etc.

exacerbation

exacerbation

malady
malady
[nom]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

maladie

maladie

Ex: Throughout history, humanity has struggled with widespread maladies like smallpox and tuberculosis. 

À travers l'histoire, l'humanité a lutté contre des maladies répandues comme la variole et la tuberculose.

nausea
nausea
[nom]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

nausée

nausée

Ex: The long car ride through winding roads gave her a sense of nausea. 

Le long trajet en voiture sur des routes sinueuses lui a donné une sensation de nausée.

pain
pain
[nom]

the unpleasant feeling caused by an illness or injury

douleur

douleur

Ex: I hit my elbow and the pain is intense. 
pallor
pallor
[nom]

the condition of having an unhealthy pale appearance as a result of illness, emotional distress, etc.

pâleur, teint blafard

pâleur, teint blafard

pathogen

any organism that can cause diseases

agent pathogène

agent pathogène

Ex: Vaccines are designed to protect against specific pathogens by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight them. 

Les vaccins sont conçus pour protéger contre des pathogènes spécifiques en stimulant le système immunitaire à les reconnaître et à les combattre.

patient zero

the first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

patient zéro

patient zéro

Ex: Health officials are working to trace the movements of patient zero to prevent further spread of the disease. 

Les responsables de la santé travaillent à retracer les mouvements du patient zéro pour prévenir une propagation ultérieure de la maladie.

attack
attack
[nom]

a sudden, severe, and often brief appearance of a health problem that is hard to control

crise, attaque

crise, attaque

Ex: The loud noises triggered a panic attack, leaving her feeling overwhelmed and breathless. 
emaciation

a state of extreme thinness and weakness, often due to illness, starvation, etc.

émaciation

émaciation

Ex: Prolonged illness had led to the emaciation of the patient, who needed immediate nutritional support. 

Une maladie prolongée avait conduit à l'émaciation du patient, qui avait besoin d'un soutien nutritionnel immédiat.

agony
agony
[nom]

severe physical or mental pain

torture

torture

Ex: The mental agony of waiting for test results can be overwhelming. 

La souffrance mentale d'attendre les résultats des tests peut être accablante.

coma
coma
[nom]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

coma

coma

Ex: After the accident, he fell into a coma and needed intensive care. 

Après l'accident, il est tombé dans un coma et avait besoin de soins intensifs.

superspreader

someone who spreads a contagious disease to a very large number of people

super-propagateur

super-propagateur

symptom
symptom
[nom]

a change in the normal condition of the body of a person, which is the sign of a disease

symptôme

symptôme

Ex: The patient reported a fever as one of the first symptoms of the flu. 
unconsciousness

the state of not being awake or aware of one's surroundings

inconscience

inconscience

Ex: His sudden unconsciousness was a result of the severe head injury. 

Son inconscience soudaine était le résultat de la grave blessure à la tête.

undernourishment

a condition in which individuals do not receive enough nutrients and calories, leading to various health problems such as stunted growth

sous-alimentation, famine

sous-alimentation, famine

Ex: Poverty-stricken regions often face widespread issues of undernourishment. 

Les régions frappées par la pauvreté sont souvent confrontées à des problèmes généralisés de sous-alimentation.

upset
upset
[nom]

a health problem that disrupts the normal functioning of the stomach

peine

peine

Ex: Certain medications may have side effects, including digestive upset. 
red zone

an area with a high number of infected people where strict public health rules are applied to control the spread of infection

zone rouge

zone rouge

Ex: The hospital has designated a special red zone to isolate patients with contagious illnesses and prevent further transmission. 

L'hôpital a désigné une zone rouge spéciale pour isoler les patients atteints de maladies contagieuses et prévenir toute transmission ultérieure.

relapse
relapse
[nom]

‌the return of symptoms or a condition after a period of improvement or recovery

rechute

rechute

Ex: The psychiatrist closely monitored the patient for signs of relapse, adjusting their treatment plan as needed. 

Le psychiatre a surveillé de près le patient pour détecter des signes de rechute, ajustant son plan de traitement si nécessaire.

seizure
seizure
[nom]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

crise

crise

Ex: His seizures were well-controlled with medication, but occasionally he would still have a breakthrough episode. 

Ses crises étaient bien contrôlées par des médicaments, mais occasionnellement, il avait encore une crise imprévue.

shake
shake
[nom]

a reflexive movement of the body or part of it caused by cold, fear, or excitement

frisson, tremblement

frisson, tremblement

Ex: The puppy's shake showed how scared it was. 
sneeze
sneeze
[nom]

the act of blowing air out of your nose and mouth in a forceful way

éternuement

éternuement

Ex: My allergies can cause a sneeze at any moment. 

Mes allergies peuvent provoquer un éternuement à tout moment.

cyst
cyst
[nom]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

cyst

cyst

debility

physical weakness that is caused by a disease or aging

faiblesse, asthénie, débilité

faiblesse, asthénie, débilité

Ex: As she grew older, her arthritis caused debility in her hands, making it difficult for her to grip objects. 

En vieillissant, son arthrite a provoqué une débilité dans ses mains, ce qui lui a rendu difficile de saisir des objets.

clean bill of health

a doctor's report stating that the patient is in good physical or mental health

Ex: US President Joe Biden got the clean bill of health on Friday after a detailed physical examination. 
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