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Zdraví a Nemoci - Obecná podstatná jména související se zdravím a nemocí

Zde se naučíte některá obecná anglická podstatná jména související se zdravím a nemocí, jako je "stav", "epidemie" a "přenašeč".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
illness
illness
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being physically or mentally sick

nemoc, onemocnění

nemoc, onemocnění

Ex: The patient was unable to recover from his illness. 
disease
disease
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

nemoc, onemocnění

nemoc, onemocnění

Ex: Many are working tirelessly to eradicate this deadly disease. 
sickness
sickness
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being unwell

nemoc, nevolnost

nemoc, nevolnost

Ex: He's been in bed for days with a bad sickness. 
infection
infection
[Podstatné jméno]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infekce

infekce

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff. 
disorder
disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a disease, illness, or medical condition that impairs normal physical or mental function

porucha, onemocnění

porucha, onemocnění

Ex: She was diagnosed with a thyroid disorder. 
complaint
complaint
[Podstatné jméno]

a typically minor health issue or condition for which one seeks medical assistance

stížnost, potíž

stížnost, potíž

Ex: She visited the doctor for her persistent stomach complaint. 
condition
condition
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical problem, such as a disorder, illness, etc.

stav, onemocnění

stav, onemocnění

Ex: Her chronic condition requires regular medical check-ups and careful management. 
epidemic
epidemic
[Podstatné jméno]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemie, výskyt nemoci

epidemie, výskyt nemoci

Ex: The epidemic caused a surge in hospital admissions. 
contagion
contagion
[Podstatné jméno]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

nákaza, infekce

nákaza, infekce

Ex: The health department took swift action to contain the contagion and prevent the outbreak from spreading further. 
affliction
affliction
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

utrpení, strast

utrpení, strast

Ex: His spiritual beliefs helped him find solace in the face of his terminal illness affliction. 
bug
bug
[Podstatné jméno]

a tiny living organism that can cause disease

mikrob, mikroorganismus

mikrob, mikroorganismus

Ex: The flu is caused by a viral bug. 
burnout
burnout
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by stress, overwork, or a lack of balance between work and personal life

vyhoření, burnout

vyhoření, burnout

Ex: After years of working long hours without breaks, she experienced burnout and struggled to find motivation for her job. 
indisposition
indisposition
[Podstatné jméno]

a mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities

nevolnost, malátnost

nevolnost, malátnost

Ex: Despite his indisposition, the employee made an effort to attend the important business meeting. 
infirmity
infirmity
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being weak and unhealthy, especially due to old age or sickness

slabost, nemoc

slabost, nemoc

Ex: Mental infirmity can be as debilitating as physical ailments, affecting one's quality of life. 
insanity
insanity
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

šílenství, duševní porucha

šílenství, duševní porucha

Ex: Legal defense of insanity is for those unfit for trial due to mental issues. 
insufficiency
insufficiency
[Podstatné jméno]

a bodily system or organ's failure to function in an effective or typical manner

nedostatečnost, selhání

nedostatečnost, selhání

Ex: Cardiac insufficiency hampers effective blood pumping by the heart. 
malaise
malaise
[Podstatné jméno]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

malátnost

malátnost

Ex: Claire's vague malaise of discomfort and unease prompted several visits to specialists. 
mental illness
mental illness
[Podstatné jméno]

conditions affecting how a person thinks, feels, behaves, or their mood, often needing medical or therapeutic help

duševní nemoc

duševní nemoc

Ex: Mental illness can affect anyone, regardless of age or background. 
pandemic
pandemic
[Podstatné jméno]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

pandemie, globální epidemie

pandemie, globální epidemie

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly every person on the planet. 
syndrome
syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of characteristics, behaviors, or qualities commonly observed in a specific situation or group of individuals

syndrom, soubor charakteristik

syndrom, soubor charakteristik

Ex: The "Stockholm Syndrome" is a well-known psychological phenomenon where hostages develop a bond with their captors. 
lump
lump
[Podstatné jméno]

a swollen area under the skin, usually caused by a sickness or injury

bulka, otok

bulka, otok

Ex: A lump is a localized swelling or protuberance that can be felt under the skin or within the body. 
cough
cough
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition or disease that makes one cough frequently

kašel, záchvat kašle

kašel, záchvat kašle

Ex: Drinking warm tea helped to soothe her cough. 
trauma
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

trauma, poranění

trauma, poranění

Ex: Spinal cord injury due to the trauma of a diving accident. 
injury
injury
[Podstatné jméno]

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

zranění, poškození

zranění, poškození

Ex: After the attack, she had a serious head injury. 
incapacity
incapacity
[Podstatné jméno]

‌the state of being physically or mentally unable to do one's work or to manage one's affairs

neschopnost

neschopnost

bout
bout
[Podstatné jméno]

a short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

záchvat, epizoda

záchvat, epizoda

Ex: After a severe bout of flu, he needed a week of rest to fully recover his strength and energy. 
carrier
carrier
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or animal that carries a disease, without suffering from it themselves, and transmits to other people or animals

přenašeč, vektor

přenašeč, vektor

Ex: Although he showed no symptoms, he was identified as a carrier of the virus, spreading it unknowingly to others. 
community spread
community spread
[Podstatné jméno]

the outbreak of a contagious illness among the people of a particular region where the source of the infection is not easily traceable

šíření v komunitě, přenos v komunitě

šíření v komunitě, přenos v komunitě

Ex: Health officials are concerned about community spread, as many new cases have no known source of infection. 
dehydration
dehydration
[Podstatné jméno]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

dehydratace

dehydratace

exacerbation
exacerbation
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of aggravating a disease, pain, illness, etc.

zhoršení,  exacerbace

zhoršení, exacerbace

malady
malady
[Podstatné jméno]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

nemoc, onemocnění

nemoc, onemocnění

Ex: Doctors were unable to determine the underlying malady that caused his fatigue and weakness. 
nausea
nausea
[Podstatné jméno]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

nevolnost, pocit na zvracení

nevolnost, pocit na zvracení

Ex: After the surgery, it was normal for patients to report mild nausea. 
pain
pain
[Podstatné jméno]

the unpleasant feeling caused by an illness or injury

bolest

bolest

Ex: I have a sharp pain in my side when I breathe. 
pallor
pallor
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition of having an unhealthy pale appearance as a result of illness, emotional distress, etc.

bledost, mdlavý vzhled

bledost, mdlavý vzhled

pathogen
pathogen
[Podstatné jméno]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, původce nemoci

patogen, původce nemoci

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 
patient zero
patient zero
[Podstatné jméno]

the first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

nultý pacient, první případ

nultý pacient, první případ

Ex: Identifying patient zero is crucial for understanding how an outbreak began. 
attack
attack
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden, severe, and often brief appearance of a health problem that is hard to control

záchvat, útok

záchvat, útok

Ex: He was rushed to the hospital after experiencing a severe asthma attack. 
emaciation
emaciation
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of extreme thinness and weakness, often due to illness, starvation, etc.

vyhublost,  extrémní hubenost

vyhublost, extrémní hubenost

Ex: The emaciation of the refugees was evident, as they had gone weeks without sufficient food. 
agony
agony
[Podstatné jméno]

severe physical or mental pain

utrpení, muka

utrpení, muka

Ex: The patient endured the agony of chronic migraines for years. 
coma
coma
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

kóma, stav kómatu

kóma, stav kómatu

Ex: The patient remained in a coma for several weeks. 
superspreader
superspreader
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who spreads a contagious disease to a very large number of people

superšířič, superkontaminátor

superšířič, superkontaminátor

symptom
symptom
[Podstatné jméno]

a change in the normal condition of the body of a person, which is the sign of a disease

příznak

příznak

Ex: A persistent cough can be a symptom of a respiratory infection. 
unconsciousness
unconsciousness
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of not being awake or aware of one's surroundings

bezvědomí, stav bezvědomí

bezvědomí, stav bezvědomí

Ex: The patient was rushed to the hospital after falling into unconsciousness. 
undernourishment
undernourishment
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which individuals do not receive enough nutrients and calories, leading to various health problems such as stunted growth

podvýživa, nedostatečná výživa

podvýživa, nedostatečná výživa

Ex: Persistent undernourishment in children can cause growth and developmental problems. 
upset
upset
[Podstatné jméno]

a health problem that disrupts the normal functioning of the stomach

žaludeční nevolnost, zažívací potíže

žaludeční nevolnost, zažívací potíže

Ex: Eating spicy foods before bedtime can sometimes lead to stomach upset. 
red zone
red zone
[Podstatné jméno]

an area with a high number of infected people where strict public health rules are applied to control the spread of infection

červená zóna, vysoce riziková oblast

červená zóna, vysoce riziková oblast

Ex: In response to the spike in COVID-19 cases, the government declared the downtown district a red zone, imposing lockdowns and testing requirements. 
relapse
relapse
[Podstatné jméno]

‌the return of symptoms or a condition after a period of improvement or recovery

návrat

návrat

Ex: He was determined to prevent a relapse by attending regular therapy sessions and staying connected with a support group. 
seizure
seizure
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

záchvat

záchvat

Ex: She experienced a seizure during the night and was rushed to the hospital. 
shake
shake
[Podstatné jméno]

a reflexive movement of the body or part of it caused by cold, fear, or excitement

třes, chvění

třes, chvění

Ex: His hands were in a constant shake from the cold. 
sneeze
sneeze
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of blowing air out of your nose and mouth in a forceful way

kýchání, kýchat

kýchání, kýchat

Ex: A sneeze can spread germs, so always cover your nose. 
cyst
cyst
[Podstatné jméno]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

cysta

cysta

debility
debility
[Podstatné jméno]

physical weakness that is caused by a disease or aging

slabost, fyzická slabost

slabost, fyzická slabost

Ex: After undergoing surgery, the patient experienced debility and had to undergo physical therapy to regain strength. 
clean bill of health

a doctor's report stating that the patient is in good physical or mental health

Ex: He's been given a clean bill of health by the doctor. 
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