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健康与疾病 - 与健康和疾病相关的通用名词

在这里,您将学习一些与健康和疾病相关的通用英语名词,例如“状况”、“流行病”和“携带者”。

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
illness
[名词]

the state of being physically or mentally sick

疾病, 病症

疾病, 病症

Ex: His sudden illness worried everyone in the office .他的突然**生病**让办公室里的每个人都担心。
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disease
[名词]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

疾病, 病

疾病, 病

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .**疾病**正在人群中迅速传播。
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sickness
[名词]

the state of being unwell

疾病, 不适

疾病, 不适

Ex: The village experienced a wave of sickness last month .上个月,这个村庄经历了一波**疾病**。
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infection
[名词]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

感染

感染

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff .医院采取严格预防措施,防止**感染**在患者和工作人员之间传播。
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disorder
[名词]

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

障碍, 紊乱

障碍, 紊乱

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complaint
[名词]

a typically minor health issue or condition for which one seeks medical assistance

抱怨, 不适

抱怨, 不适

Ex: The most common complaint among the elderly population is arthritis-related pain .老年人口中最常见的**抱怨**是与关节炎相关的疼痛。
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condition
[名词]

a medical problem, such as a disorder, illness, etc.

状况, 疾病

状况, 疾病

Ex: Patients with the condition often report a variety of symptoms that can vary in severity .患有这种**疾病**的患者经常报告各种严重程度不同的症状。
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epidemic
[名词]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

流行病, 疫情爆发

流行病, 疫情爆发

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .**流行病**给医疗系统带来了压力。
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contagion
[名词]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

传染病, 感染

传染病, 感染

Ex: Despite their efforts , the contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .尽管他们努力了,**传染病**还是迅速蔓延,导致住院人数显著增加。
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affliction
[名词]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

痛苦, 苦难

痛苦, 苦难

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .偏头痛的**痛苦**使她难以集中注意力并打乱了她的日常生活。
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bug
[名词]

a fairly mild yet infectious illness that is caused by a virus or bacteria

微生物, 病毒

微生物, 病毒

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burnout
[名词]

a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by stress, overwork, or a lack of balance between work and personal life

倦怠, 职业倦怠

倦怠, 职业倦怠

Ex: Taking regular breaks and practicing self-care activities are essential strategies for preventing burnout in high-stress environments .定期休息和进行自我护理活动是防止高压环境中**倦怠**的重要策略。
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a mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities

不适, 微恙

不适, 微恙

Ex: The athlete decided to withdraw from the competition due to an unexpected indisposition affecting their performance .由于意外的**不适**影响了表现,这位运动员决定退出比赛。
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infirmity
[名词]

the state of being weak and unhealthy, especially due to old age or sickness

虚弱, 衰弱

虚弱, 衰弱

Ex: Age often brings with it various infirmities, making daily tasks more challenging .年龄常常伴随着各种**虚弱**,使得日常任务更具挑战性。
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insanity
[名词]

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

疯狂, 精神错乱

疯狂, 精神错乱

Ex: Legal standards often require a significant cognitive impairment for insanity.法律标准通常要求**精神错乱**具有显著的认知障碍。
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a bodily system or organ's failure to function in an effective or typical manner

不足, 功能不全

不足, 功能不全

Ex: Intestinal insufficiency compromises nutrient absorption in the digestive system .肠道**功能不全**会损害消化系统中的营养吸收。
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malaise
[名词]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

不适

不适

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced lingering malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .从流感中恢复后,他经历了挥之不去的**不适感**,使得难以回到正常的生活节奏。
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conditions affecting how a person thinks, feels, behaves, or their mood, often needing medical or therapeutic help

精神疾病

精神疾病

Ex: Mental illness is not a personal failure but a health condition that deserves compassion .**精神疾病**不是个人的失败,而是一种值得同情的健康状况。
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pandemic
[名词]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

大流行病, 全球性流行病

大流行病, 全球性流行病

Ex: Pandemics can spread illness globally due to increased international travel and trade networks.**大流行病**由于国际旅行和贸易网络的增加可以在全球范围内传播疾病。
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syndrome
[名词]

a set of characteristics, behaviors, or qualities commonly observed in a specific situation or group of individuals

综合征, 特征集合

综合征, 特征集合

Ex: Individuals displaying the " me , me , me syndrome" often prioritize their own needs and desires above those of others , regardless of the impact on the collective well-being .表现出「我、我、我 **综合症」** 的个人,往往不顾对集体福祉的影响,将自己的需求和欲望置于他人之上。
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lump
[名词]

a swollen area under the skin, usually caused by a sickness or injury

肿块, 肿胀

肿块, 肿胀

Ex: Depending on the cause , treatment for a lump may range from observation and monitoring to medical interventions such as antibiotics , surgery , or chemotherapy .根据原因,**肿块**的治疗范围可能从观察和监测到抗生素、手术或化疗等医疗干预。
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cough
[名词]

a condition or disease that makes one cough frequently

咳嗽, 咳症

咳嗽, 咳症

Ex: She developed a cough after being exposed to dust .她暴露在灰尘后出现了**咳嗽**。
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trauma
[名词]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

创伤, 损伤

创伤, 损伤

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and emotional trauma.家庭暴力的受害者常常遭受身体和情感上的**创伤**。
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injury
[名词]

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

伤害, 损伤

伤害, 损伤

Ex: The soldier received an award for bravery after an injury in battle .这名士兵在战斗中**受伤**后因勇敢而获奖。
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incapacity
[名词]

‌the state of being physically or mentally unable to do one's work or to manage one's affairs

无能力

无能力

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bout
[名词]

a short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

发作, 一段时期

发作, 一段时期

Ex: A sudden bout of vertigo caused her to feel dizzy and disoriented , prompting her to sit down and rest .一阵突然的**眩晕发作**让她感到头晕和迷失方向,促使她坐下休息。
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carrier
[名词]

a person or animal that carries a disease, without suffering from it themselves, and transmits to other people or animals

携带者, 载体

携带者, 载体

Ex: Genetic testing revealed that she was a carrier of a hereditary disease , which could potentially be passed on to her children .基因检测显示她是一种遗传性疾病的**携带者**,这种疾病可能会遗传给她的孩子。
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the outbreak of a contagious illness among the people of a particular region where the source of the infection is not easily traceable

社区传播, 社区内传播

社区传播, 社区内传播

Ex: Community spread of the disease indicates that the virus is widely circulating within the population , making containment more challenging .疾病的**社区传播**表明病毒在人群中广泛传播,使得控制更加困难。
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dehydration
[名词]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

脱水

脱水

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exacerbation
[名词]

the act of aggravating a disease, pain, illness, etc.

加剧,  恶化

加剧, 恶化

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malady
[名词]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

疾病, 病症

疾病, 病症

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by a malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .中世纪的村庄被一种迅速传播的**疾病**所困扰,导致广泛的疾病和死亡。
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nausea
[名词]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

恶心, 反胃

恶心, 反胃

Ex: Nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment .**恶心**是化疗治疗的常见副作用。
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pain
[名词]

the unpleasant feeling caused by an illness or injury

疼痛

疼痛

Ex: The pain from his sunburn made it hard to sleep .晒伤引起的**疼痛**让他难以入睡。
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pallor
[名词]

the condition of having an unhealthy pale appearance as a result of illness, emotional distress, etc.

苍白, 面无血色

苍白, 面无血色

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pathogen
[名词]

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 致病菌

病原体, 致病菌

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .负责疟疾的**病原体**通过受感染蚊子的叮咬传播给人类。
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patient zero
[名词]

the first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

零号病人, 第一个病例

零号病人, 第一个病例

Ex: By identifying patient zero early , authorities can implement effective containment measures to control the spread of the disease .通过早期识别**零号病人**,当局可以实施有效的控制措施来控制疾病的传播。
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attack
[名词]

a sudden, severe, and often brief appearance of a health problem that is hard to control

发作, 攻击

发作, 攻击

Ex: The allergy attack caused his throat to swell , making it difficult for him to breathe .过敏**发作**导致他的喉咙肿胀,使他呼吸困难。
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emaciation
[名词]

a state of extreme thinness and weakness, often due to illness, starvation, etc.

消瘦,  极度瘦弱

消瘦, 极度瘦弱

Ex: The severity of his emaciation was a clear sign of the neglect and abuse he had suffered .他**消瘦**的严重程度是他遭受忽视和虐待的明显迹象。
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agony
[名词]

severe physical or mental pain

痛苦, 折磨

痛苦, 折磨

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .严重烧伤的患者在治疗过程中经常会经历难以忍受的**痛苦**。
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coma
[名词]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

昏迷, 昏迷状态

昏迷, 昏迷状态

Ex: The medical team worked hard to determine the cause of his coma.医疗团队努力确定他**昏迷**的原因。
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someone who spreads a contagious disease to a very large number of people

超级传播者, 超级传染者

超级传播者, 超级传染者

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symptom
[名词]

a change in the normal condition of the body of a person, which is the sign of a disease

症状

症状

Ex: She visited the doctor because of severe headaches , a symptom she could n't ignore .她因为严重的头痛去看医生,这是一个她无法忽视的**症状**。
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the state of not being awake or aware of one's surroundings

无意识, 昏迷状态

无意识, 昏迷状态

Ex: Unconsciousness can be a serious medical condition requiring immediate attention .**无意识**可能是一种需要立即关注的严重医疗状况。
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a condition in which individuals do not receive enough nutrients and calories, leading to various health problems such as stunted growth

营养不良, 营养不足

营养不良, 营养不足

Ex: Chronic undernourishment results in fatigue , weakness , and impaired cognitive function .长期**营养不良**会导致疲劳、虚弱和认知功能受损。
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upset
[名词]

a health problem that disrupts the normal functioning of the stomach

胃部不适, 消化不良

胃部不适, 消化不良

Ex: The upset was caused by eating too much rich food .**不适**是由于吃了太多油腻食物引起的。
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red zone
[名词]

an area with a high number of infected people where strict public health rules are applied to control the spread of infection

红区, 高风险区

红区, 高风险区

Ex: It 's essential to stay updated on the latest information regarding red zones and adhere to recommended safety measures to protect yourself and others during a pandemic .在大流行期间,及时了解有关**红区**的最新信息并遵守推荐的安全措施以保护自己和他人至关重要。
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relapse
[名词]

‌the return of symptoms or a condition after a period of improvement or recovery

复发

复发

Ex: The athlete 's injury healed well initially , but unfortunately , there was a relapse, and they had to undergo further treatment .运动员的伤势最初愈合得很好,但不幸的是,出现了**复发**,他们不得不接受进一步的治疗。
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seizure
[名词]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

发作

发作

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle a seizure episode at home .家人得到了关于如何在家中处理**癫痫**发作的指导。
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shake
[名词]

involuntary, short movements in one or more parts of one's body in response to cold, fear, or excitement

颤抖, 哆嗦

颤抖, 哆嗦

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sneeze
[名词]

the act of blowing air out of your nose and mouth in a forceful way

喷嚏, 打喷嚏

喷嚏, 打喷嚏

Ex: The sneeze interrupted her while she was talking**喷嚏**在她说话时打断了她。
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cyst
[名词]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

囊肿

囊肿

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debility
[名词]

physical weakness that is caused by a disease or aging

虚弱, 身体虚弱

虚弱, 身体虚弱

Ex: The disease progressed , leading to increasing debility and a decline in overall physical functioning .疾病进展,导致**虚弱**加剧和整体身体功能下降。
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a doctor's report stating that the patient is in good physical or mental health

Ex: US President Joe Biden got clean bill of health on Friday after a detailed physical examination .
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健康与疾病
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