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健康と病気 - 健康と病気に関連する一般的な名詞

ここでは、"状態"、"流行"、"キャリア"など、健康と病気に関連する一般的な英語の名詞を学びます。

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
illness
[名詞]

the state of being physically or mentally sick

病気, 疾患

病気, 疾患

Ex: His sudden illness worried everyone in the office .彼の突然の**病気**はオフィスの誰もを心配させた。
disease
[名詞]

an illness in a human, animal, or plant that affects health

病気, 疾患

病気, 疾患

Ex: The disease is spreading rapidly through the population .**病気**が人口を通じて急速に広がっています。
sickness
[名詞]

the state of being unwell

病気, 体調不良

病気, 体調不良

Ex: The village experienced a wave of sickness last month .村は先月、**病気**の波を経験した。
infection
[名詞]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

感染

感染

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff .病院は、患者とスタッフの間で**感染**が広がるのを防ぐために厳重な予防措置を講じています。
disorder
[名詞]

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

障害, 混乱

障害, 混乱

complaint
[名詞]

a typically minor health issue or condition for which one seeks medical assistance

不満, 病気

不満, 病気

Ex: The most common complaint among the elderly population is arthritis-related pain .高齢者人口の中で最も一般的な**不満**は、関節炎に関連する痛みです。
condition
[名詞]

a medical problem, such as a disorder, illness, etc.

状態, 病気

状態, 病気

Ex: Patients with the condition often report a variety of symptoms that can vary in severity .この**状態**の患者は、重症度が異なるさまざまな症状を報告することがよくあります。
epidemic
[名詞]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

流行病, 感染症の蔓延

流行病, 感染症の蔓延

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .**流行病**は医療制度に負担をかけた。
contagion
[名詞]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

伝染病, 感染

伝染病, 感染

Ex: Despite their efforts , the contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .彼らの努力にもかかわらず、**伝染病**は急速に広がり、入院者数の大幅な増加につながりました。
affliction
[名詞]

a state of pain or suffering due to a physical or mental condition

苦悩, 苦痛

苦悩, 苦痛

Ex: The affliction of migraines made it difficult for her to concentrate and disrupted her daily routine .片頭痛の**苦しみ**は、彼女が集中するのを難しくし、日課を乱した。
bug
[名詞]

a fairly mild yet infectious illness that is caused by a virus or bacteria

微生物, ウイルス

微生物, ウイルス

burnout
[名詞]

a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by stress, overwork, or a lack of balance between work and personal life

燃え尽き症候群, バーンアウト

燃え尽き症候群, バーンアウト

Ex: Taking regular breaks and practicing self-care activities are essential strategies for preventing burnout in high-stress environments .定期的な休憩をとり、セルフケア活動を実践することは、高ストレス環境での**バーンアウト**を防ぐための重要な戦略です。

a mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities

不快感, 体調不良

不快感, 体調不良

Ex: The athlete decided to withdraw from the competition due to an unexpected indisposition affecting their performance .その選手は、パフォーマンスに影響を与える予期せぬ**体調不良**のため、競技から撤退することを決めた。
infirmity
[名詞]

the state of being weak and unhealthy, especially due to old age or sickness

虚弱, 弱さ

虚弱, 弱さ

Ex: Age often brings with it various infirmities, making daily tasks more challenging .年齢を重ねると様々な**病弱**が伴い、日々の作業がより困難になります。
insanity
[名詞]

a state of severe mental disorder affecting a person's ability to understand reality, think rationally, or behave in a socially acceptable manner

狂気, 精神障害

狂気, 精神障害

Ex: Legal standards often require a significant cognitive impairment for insanity.法的基準では、**精神異常**に対してしばしば重大な認知障害が必要とされます。

a bodily system or organ's failure to function in an effective or typical manner

不十分, 不全

不十分, 不全

Ex: Intestinal insufficiency compromises nutrient absorption in the digestive system .腸の**不全**は、消化器系における栄養素の吸収を損なう。
malaise
[名詞]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

不快感

不快感

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced lingering malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .インフルエンザから回復した後、彼は長引く**倦怠感**を経験し、通常の日常に戻ることが難しくなりました。

conditions affecting how a person thinks, feels, behaves, or their mood, often needing medical or therapeutic help

精神疾患

精神疾患

Ex: Mental illness is not a personal failure but a health condition that deserves compassion .**精神疾患**は個人的な失敗ではなく、思いやりを必要とする健康状態です。
pandemic
[名詞]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

パンデミック, 世界的流行

パンデミック, 世界的流行

Ex: Pandemics can spread illness globally due to increased international travel and trade networks.**パンデミック**は、国際的な旅行や貿易ネットワークの増加により、病気を世界的に広める可能性があります。
syndrome
[名詞]

a set of characteristics, behaviors, or qualities commonly observed in a specific situation or group of individuals

シンドローム, 特性の集合

シンドローム, 特性の集合

Ex: Individuals displaying the " me , me , me syndrome" often prioritize their own needs and desires above those of others , regardless of the impact on the collective well-being .「私、私、私 **症候群」** を示す個人は、多くの場合、集団の幸福への影響にかかわらず、自分自身のニーズと欲望を他人のものよりも優先します。
lump
[名詞]

a swollen area under the skin, usually caused by a sickness or injury

しこり, 腫れ

しこり, 腫れ

Ex: Depending on the cause , treatment for a lump may range from observation and monitoring to medical interventions such as antibiotics , surgery , or chemotherapy .原因によっては、**しこり**の治療は、観察やモニタリングから抗生物質、手術、化学療法などの医療介入まで様々です。
cough
[名詞]

a condition or disease that makes one cough frequently

咳, 咳の発作

咳, 咳の発作

Ex: She developed a cough after being exposed to dust .彼女はほこりにさらされた後、**咳**を発症しました。
trauma
[名詞]

damage inflicted on the body as a result of an external force or event

トラウマ, 損傷

トラウマ, 損傷

Ex: Victims of domestic violence often suffer from both physical and emotional trauma.家庭内暴力の被害者は、身体的および感情的な**トラウマ**に苦しむことが多い。
injury
[名詞]

any physical damage to a part of the body caused by an accident or attack

けが, 損傷

けが, 損傷

Ex: The soldier received an award for bravery after an injury in battle .その兵士は戦闘で**負傷**した後、勇敢さに対して賞を受けた。
incapacity
[名詞]

‌the state of being physically or mentally unable to do one's work or to manage one's affairs

無能力

無能力

bout
[名詞]

a short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

発作, エピソード

発作, エピソード

Ex: A sudden bout of vertigo caused her to feel dizzy and disoriented , prompting her to sit down and rest .突然の**めまいの発作**で彼女はめまいと混乱を感じ、座って休むことになった。
carrier
[名詞]

a person or animal that carries a disease, without suffering from it themselves, and transmits to other people or animals

保菌者, ベクター

保菌者, ベクター

Ex: Genetic testing revealed that she was a carrier of a hereditary disease , which could potentially be passed on to her children .遺伝子検査により、彼女が遺伝性疾患の**保因者**であることが明らかになり、それが子供たちに伝わる可能性があることが分かりました。

the outbreak of a contagious illness among the people of a particular region where the source of the infection is not easily traceable

コミュニティスプレッド, 地域社会での感染拡大

コミュニティスプレッド, 地域社会での感染拡大

Ex: Community spread of the disease indicates that the virus is widely circulating within the population , making containment more challenging .病気の**コミュニティ感染**は、ウイルスが人口内で広く循環していることを示し、封じ込めをより困難にします。
dehydration
[名詞]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

脱水

脱水

exacerbation
[名詞]

the act of aggravating a disease, pain, illness, etc.

悪化,  増悪

悪化, 増悪

malady
[名詞]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

病気, 疾患

病気, 疾患

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by a malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .中世の村は急速に広がり、広範囲にわたる病気と死を引き起こした**病気**に悩まされていました。
nausea
[名詞]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

吐き気, むかつき

吐き気, むかつき

Ex: Nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment .**吐き気**は化学療法の一般的な副作用です。
pain
[名詞]

the unpleasant feeling caused by an illness or injury

痛み

痛み

Ex: The pain from his sunburn made it hard to sleep .日焼けによる**痛み**で眠るのが難しかった。
pallor
[名詞]

the condition of having an unhealthy pale appearance as a result of illness, emotional distress, etc.

蒼白, 青白い顔色

蒼白, 青白い顔色

pathogen
[名詞]

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 病原菌

病原体, 病原菌

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .マラリアの原因となる**病原体**は、感染した蚊に刺されることで人間に伝染します。
patient zero
[名詞]

the first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

患者ゼロ, 最初の症例

患者ゼロ, 最初の症例

Ex: By identifying patient zero early , authorities can implement effective containment measures to control the spread of the disease .**患者ゼロ**を早期に特定することで、当局は病気の蔓延を制御するための効果的な封じ込め対策を実施できます。
attack
[名詞]

a sudden, severe, and often brief appearance of a health problem that is hard to control

発作, 攻撃

発作, 攻撃

Ex: The allergy attack caused his throat to swell , making it difficult for him to breathe .アレルギー**発作**で彼の喉が腫れ、呼吸が困難になりました。
emaciation
[名詞]

a state of extreme thinness and weakness, often due to illness, starvation, etc.

衰弱,  極度の痩せ

衰弱, 極度の痩せ

Ex: The severity of his emaciation was a clear sign of the neglect and abuse he had suffered .彼の**衰弱**の深刻さは、彼が受けた怠慢と虐待の明らかな兆候でした。
agony
[名詞]

severe physical or mental pain

苦痛, 苦悩

苦痛, 苦悩

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .重度のやけどを負った患者は、治療中にしばしば耐え難い**苦痛**を経験します。
coma
[名詞]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

昏睡, 昏睡状態

昏睡, 昏睡状態

Ex: The medical team worked hard to determine the cause of his coma.医療チームは彼の**昏睡**の原因を突き止めるために一生懸命働きました。

someone who spreads a contagious disease to a very large number of people

スーパースプレッダー, 超拡散者

スーパースプレッダー, 超拡散者

symptom
[名詞]

a change in the normal condition of the body of a person, which is the sign of a disease

症状

症状

Ex: She visited the doctor because of severe headaches , a symptom she could n't ignore .彼女はひどい頭痛のために医者を訪ねた、無視できない**症状**でした。

the state of not being awake or aware of one's surroundings

無意識, 意識不明の状態

無意識, 意識不明の状態

Ex: Unconsciousness can be a serious medical condition requiring immediate attention .**意識不明**は、即時の対応を必要とする深刻な医療状態である可能性があります。

a condition in which individuals do not receive enough nutrients and calories, leading to various health problems such as stunted growth

栄養不足, 低栄養

栄養不足, 低栄養

Ex: Chronic undernourishment results in fatigue , weakness , and impaired cognitive function .慢性的な**栄養不足**は、疲労、弱さ、認知機能の低下を引き起こします。
upset
[名詞]

a health problem that disrupts the normal functioning of the stomach

胃の不調, 胃障害

胃の不調, 胃障害

Ex: The upset was caused by eating too much rich food .**不調**は、高脂肪の食べ物を食べすぎたことが原因でした。
red zone
[名詞]

an area with a high number of infected people where strict public health rules are applied to control the spread of infection

レッドゾーン, 高リスク地域

レッドゾーン, 高リスク地域

Ex: It 's essential to stay updated on the latest information regarding red zones and adhere to recommended safety measures to protect yourself and others during a pandemic .パンデミックの間、自分自身や他人を守るために、**レッドゾーン**に関する最新情報を把握し、推奨される安全対策を遵守することが不可欠です。
relapse
[名詞]

‌the return of symptoms or a condition after a period of improvement or recovery

再発

再発

Ex: The athlete 's injury healed well initially , but unfortunately , there was a relapse, and they had to undergo further treatment .その選手の怪我は最初はよく治ったが、残念ながら**再発**があり、さらに治療を受けなければならなかった。
seizure
[名詞]

a sudden and unexpected start or return of a medical problem

発作

発作

Ex: The family was given instructions on how to handle a seizure episode at home .家族は自宅で**発作**のエピソードに対処する方法についての指示を受けました。
shake
[名詞]

involuntary, short movements in one or more parts of one's body in response to cold, fear, or excitement

震え, 身震い

震え, 身震い

sneeze
[名詞]

the act of blowing air out of your nose and mouth in a forceful way

くしゃみ, くしゃみをする

くしゃみ, くしゃみをする

Ex: The sneeze interrupted her while she was talking**くしゃみ**が彼女の話を中断させた。
cyst
[名詞]

a growth with abnormal features that appears in the body and contains fluid

嚢胞

嚢胞

debility
[名詞]

physical weakness that is caused by a disease or aging

衰弱, 身体的な弱さ

衰弱, 身体的な弱さ

Ex: The disease progressed , leading to increasing debility and a decline in overall physical functioning .病気が進行し、**衰弱**が増し、全体的な身体機能の低下を招いた。

a doctor's report stating that the patient is in good physical or mental health

Ex: US President Joe Biden got clean bill of health on Friday after a detailed physical examination .
健康と病気
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