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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Incapacités et Maladies Physiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur les handicaps physiques et les maladies, tels que "handicap", "SIDA", "peste", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

handicap, infirmité,	incapacité

handicap, infirmité, incapacité

Ex: He was born with a disability that affects his ability to walk. 
syndrome

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrome

syndrome

Ex: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive facial features. 
impairment

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

déficience, trouble

déficience, trouble

Ex: The accident resulted in a significant impairment of his mobility. 
AIDS
AIDS
[nom]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

sida

sida

Ex: AIDS is a serious condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the immune system. 
asthma
asthma
[nom]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

asthme

asthme

Ex: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. 
cancer
cancer
[nom]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

cancer

cancer

Ex: She underwent chemotherapy to treat her breast cancer. 
cholera
cholera
[nom]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

choléra

choléra

Ex: The village suffered a severe cholera outbreak after the water supply became contaminated. 
plague
plague
[nom]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

peste

peste

Ex: The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. 
measles
measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
diabetes

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabète

diabète

chickenpox

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicelle

varicelle

Covid-19

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19

Covid-19

Ex: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. 
seasickness

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mal de mer

mal de mer

stroke
stroke
[nom]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

accident vasculaire cérébral

accident vasculaire cérébral

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
heart attack

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

crise cardiaque

crise cardiaque

Ex: He felt a sharp pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack. 
infection

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infection

infection

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff. 
shock
shock
[nom]

a critical physical state in which the body fails to circulate blood effectively, leading to low oxygen delivery and potential organ collapse

choc

choc

Ex: The patient went into shock after the injury. 
genetic
genetic
[Adjectif]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

génétique

génétique

fatal
fatal
[Adjectif]

resulting in death

fatal, mortel

fatal, mortel

Ex: The car accident caused fatal injuries to the driver, resulting in their death at the scene. 
disabled
disabled
[Adjectif]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

handicapé, infirme

handicapé, infirme

Ex: He uses a wheelchair to get around because he is disabled. 
handicap

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

handicap

handicap

deafness

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

surdité

surdité

Ex: Deafness can occur at any stage of life. 
blindness

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

cécité, aveuglement

cécité, aveuglement

Ex: He was born with congenital blindness and has never seen light or color. 
tuberculosis

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

special needs

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

besoins éducatifs spécifiques

besoins éducatifs spécifiques

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