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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Incapacités et Maladies Physiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur les handicaps physiques et les maladies, tels que "handicap", "SIDA", "peste", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

handicap, infirmité,	incapacité

handicap, infirmité, incapacité

Ex: Disability should not prevent someone from achieving their goals .Le **handicap** ne devrait pas empêcher quelqu'un d'atteindre ses objectifs.

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrome

syndrome

Ex: Asperger 's syndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .Le **syndrome** d'Asperger, une forme de trouble du spectre autistique, se caractérise par des difficultés dans l'interaction sociale et la communication non verbale, ainsi que par des schémas de comportement et d'intérêts restreints et répétitifs.

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

déficience, trouble

déficience, trouble

Ex: Her cognitive impairment made it difficult for her to process complex information .Son **trouble** cognitif rendait difficile pour elle de traiter des informations complexes.
AIDS
[nom]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

sida

sida

Ex: The stigma surrounding AIDS can create barriers to healthcare access for those affected by the illness .La stigmatisation entourant le **SIDA** peut créer des obstacles à l'accès aux soins de santé pour les personnes touchées par la maladie.
asthma
[nom]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

asthme

asthme

Ex: It 's important for people with asthma to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and prevent exacerbations .Il est important pour les personnes atteintes d'**asthme** de travailler en étroite collaboration avec leurs prestataires de soins de santé pour gérer leur état et prévenir les exacerbations.
cancer
[nom]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

cancer

cancer

Ex: The doctor discussed the various treatment options available for colon cancer.Le médecin a discuté des différentes options de traitement disponibles pour le **cancer** du côlon.
cholera
[nom]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

choléra

choléra

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .Les médecins ont travaillé sans relâche pour soigner les patients souffrant de **choléra** dans la clinique de fortune.
plague
[nom]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

peste

peste

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .Les symptômes de la **peste** peuvent inclure de la fièvre, des frissons, des maux de tête, une faiblesse et des ganglions lymphatiques enflés et douloureux.
measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Les complications de la **rougeole** peuvent inclure une pneumonie, une encéphalite (inflammation du cerveau) et, dans les cas graves, la mort.

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabète

diabète

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicelle

varicelle

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19

Covid-19

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .La pandémie de **COVID-19** a eu des impacts socio-économiques profonds, entraînant des changements dans les soins de santé, les voyages et la vie quotidienne à l'échelle mondiale.

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mal de mer

mal de mer

stroke
[nom]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

accident vasculaire cérébral

accident vasculaire cérébral

Ex: Common risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .Les facteurs de risque courants d'**accident vasculaire cérébral** incluent l'hypertension artérielle, le diabète, l'hypercholestérolémie, le tabagisme et l'obésité.

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

crise cardiaque

crise cardiaque

Ex: The sudden heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .La **crise cardiaque** soudaine a pris tout le monde par surprise, soulignant l'imprévisibilité des maladies cardiaques.

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infection

infection

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff .Les hôpitaux prennent des précautions strictes pour empêcher les **infections** de se propager parmi les patients et le personnel.
shock
[nom]

a severe medical condition following an extreme drop in blood pressure, caused by a massive blood loss, serious burns, etc., which makes the person feel cold, have rapid pulse and breathing

choc

choc

genetic
[Adjectif]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

génétique

génétique

fatal
[Adjectif]

resulting in death

fatal, mortel

fatal, mortel

Ex: The hiker fell from a cliff and suffered fatal injuries upon impact .Le randonneur est tombé d'une falaise et a subi des blessures **mortelles** à l'impact.
disabled
[Adjectif]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

handicapé, infirme

handicapé, infirme

Ex: The disabled worker excels in their job despite facing challenges related to their condition .Le travailleur **handicapé** excelle dans son travail malgré les défis liés à son état.

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

handicap

handicap

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

surdité

surdité

Ex: Early detection of deafness is essential for better outcomes .La détection précoce de la **surdité** est essentielle pour de meilleurs résultats.

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

cécité, aveuglement

cécité, aveuglement

Ex: The doctor explained that cataracts can lead to gradual blindness if left untreated .Le médecin a expliqué que les cataractes peuvent conduire à une **cécité** progressive si elles ne sont pas traitées.

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

besoins éducatifs spécifiques

besoins éducatifs spécifiques

Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL
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