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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 身体障害と病気

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「障害」「エイズ」「ペスト」など身体障害や病気に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability
[名詞]

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

障害 (しょうがい), ディスabilities (ディスアビリティ)

障害 (しょうがい), ディスabilities (ディスアビリティ)

syndrome
[名詞]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

症候群 (しょうこうぐん), シンドローム

症候群 (しょうこうぐん), シンドローム

impairment
[名詞]

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

障害(しょうがい), 機能障害(きのうしょうがい)

障害(しょうがい), 機能障害(きのうしょうがい)

AIDS
[名詞]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

エイズ, HIV感染症

エイズ, HIV感染症

Ex: The stigma AIDS can create barriers to healthcare access for those affected by the illness .
asthma
[名詞]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

喘息(ぜんそく), アスベスト(あすべすと)

喘息(ぜんそく), アスベスト(あすべすと)

Ex: It 's important for people asthma to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and prevent exacerbations .
cancer
[名詞]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

がん, 癌

がん, 癌

cholera
[名詞]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

コレラ, 腸チフス (ちょうちふす)

コレラ, 腸チフス (ちょうちふす)

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering cholera in the makeshift clinic .
plague
[名詞]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

ペスト, 疫病

ペスト, 疫病

measles
[名詞]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

麻疹(はしか), 麻疹(ましん)

麻疹(はしか), 麻疹(ましん)

diabetes
[名詞]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

糖尿病, ディベティス

糖尿病, ディベティス

chickenpox
[名詞]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

水痘 (すいとう), 水疱瘡 (すいほうそう)

水痘 (すいとう), 水疱瘡 (すいほうそう)

Covid-19
[名詞]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19), COVID-19(コロナウイルス感染症)

コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19), COVID-19(コロナウイルス感染症)

seasickness
[名詞]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

船酔い, 海酔い

船酔い, 海酔い

stroke
[名詞]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

脳卒中(のうそつちゅう), 脳血管障害(のうけっかんしょうがい)

脳卒中(のうそつちゅう), 脳血管障害(のうけっかんしょうがい)

heart attack
[名詞]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

心筋梗塞, 心臓発作

心筋梗塞, 心臓発作

infection
[名詞]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

感染 (かんせん), 感染症 (かんせんしょう)

感染 (かんせん), 感染症 (かんせんしょう)

shock
[名詞]

a severe medical condition following an extreme drop in blood pressure, caused by a massive blood loss, serious burns, etc., which makes the person feel cold, have rapid pulse and breathing

ショック, ショック症状

ショック, ショック症状

genetic
[形容詞]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

遺伝的(いでんてき), 遺伝の(いでんの)

遺伝的(いでんてき), 遺伝の(いでんの)

fatal
[形容詞]

resulting in death

致命的な, 死亡をもたらす

致命的な, 死亡をもたらす

disabled
[形容詞]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

障害のある, 障害者の

障害のある, 障害者の

handicap
[名詞]

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

障害(しょうがい), ハンディキャップ

障害(しょうがい), ハンディキャップ

deafness
[名詞]

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

難聴 (なんちょう), 聴覚障害 (ちょうかくしょうがい)

難聴 (なんちょう), 聴覚障害 (ちょうかくしょうがい)

blindness
[名詞]

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

盲目, 失明

盲目, 失明

tuberculosis
[名詞]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

結核, TB

結核, TB

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

特別支援, 特別なニーズ

特別支援, 特別なニーズ

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