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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Discapacidades y Enfermedades Físicas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre discapacidades y enfermedades físicas, como "disability", "AIDS", "plague", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability
disability
[Sustantivo]

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

discapacidad

discapacidad

Ex: She overcame her disability to become a successful artist. 

Ella superó su discapacidad para convertirse en una artista exitosa.

syndrome
syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

síndrome

síndrome

Ex: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. 

El síndrome del intestino irritable es un trastorno gastrointestinal común caracterizado por dolor abdominal, hinchazón y cambios en los hábitos intestinales.

impairment
impairment
[Sustantivo]

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

discapacidad, impedimento

discapacidad, impedimento

Ex: The doctor diagnosed him with hearing impairment after a series of tests. 

El médico lo diagnosticó con discapacidad auditiva después de una serie de pruebas.

AIDS
AIDS
[Sustantivo]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

sida

sida

Ex: Many organizations work tirelessly to raise awareness about AIDS and support those living with the illness. 

Muchas organizaciones trabajan incansablemente para crear conciencia sobre el SIDA y apoyar a quienes viven con la enfermedad.

asthma
asthma
[Sustantivo]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

asma

asma

Ex: Asthma attacks can be triggered by allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, or stress. 

Los ataques de asma pueden ser provocados por alérgenos, infecciones respiratorias, ejercicio o estrés.

cancer
cancer
[Sustantivo]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

cáncer

cáncer

Ex: Early detection is crucial in successfully treating prostate cancer. 

La detección temprana es crucial para tratar con éxito el cáncer de próstata.

cholera
cholera
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

cólera

cólera

Ex: She contracted cholera during her travels and had to be hospitalized immediately. 

Contrajo el cólera durante sus viajes y tuvo que ser hospitalizada de inmediato.

plague
plague
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

plaga, peste

plaga, peste

Ex: Without prompt treatment with antibiotics, the plague can be fatal, leading to septicemia (blood infection) and organ failure. 

Sin un tratamiento rápido con antibióticos, la peste puede ser fatal, provocando septicemia (infección de la sangre) y fallo orgánico.

measles
measles
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

sarampión

sarampión

Ex: Measles can spread through coughing and sneezing, as well as direct contact with infected droplets. 

El sarampión puede propagarse a través de la tos y los estornudos, así como por contacto directo con gotitas infectadas.

diabetes
diabetes
[Sustantivo]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes

diabetes

chickenpox
chickenpox
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicela

varicela

Covid-19
Covid-19
[Sustantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19

COVID-19

Ex: Preventive measures such as wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and washing hands frequently are crucial in reducing the spread of COVID-19. 

Las medidas preventivas como usar mascarillas, practicar el distanciamiento social y lavarse las manos con frecuencia son cruciales para reducir la propagación del COVID-19.

seasickness
seasickness
[Sustantivo]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mareo

mareo

stroke
stroke
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

Ex: Immediate medical attention is crucial for stroke treatment to minimize brain damage and potential long-term disabilities. 

La atención médica inmediata es crucial para el tratamiento del accidente cerebrovascular para minimizar el daño cerebral y las posibles discapacidades a largo plazo.

heart attack
heart attack
[Sustantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

ataque al corazón, infarto

ataque al corazón, infarto

Ex: After his heart attack, he made significant lifestyle changes to improve his health. 

Después de su ataque al corazón, hizo cambios significativos en su estilo de vida para mejorar su salud.

infection
infection
[Sustantivo]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infección

infección

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff. 

Los hospitales toman precauciones estrictas para evitar que las infecciones se propaguen entre pacientes y personal.

shock
shock
[Sustantivo]

a critical physical state in which the body fails to circulate blood effectively, leading to low oxygen delivery and potential organ collapse

shock

shock

Ex: Doctors worked quickly to reverse the shock. 

Los médicos trabajaron rápidamente para revertir el shock.

genetic
genetic
[Adjetivo]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genético

genético

fatal
fatal
[Adjetivo]

resulting in death

fatal

fatal

Ex: The firefighter succumbed to fatal burns while battling the raging inferno. 

El bombero sucumbió a quemaduras fatales mientras luchaba contra el incendio furioso.

disabled
disabled
[Adjetivo]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

discapacitado

discapacitado

Ex: The disabled veteran is honored for their service and sacrifice. 

El veterano discapacitado es honrado por su servicio y sacrificio.

handicap
handicap
[Sustantivo]

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

discapacidad

discapacidad

deafness
deafness
[Sustantivo]

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

sordera

sordera

Ex: Deafness does not stop people from leading successful lives. 

Sordera no impide que las personas lleven vidas exitosas.

blindness
blindness
[Sustantivo]

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

ceguera

ceguera

Ex: The organization aims to raise awareness about the challenges faced by people living with blindness. 

La organización tiene como objetivo concienciar sobre los desafíos que enfrentan las personas que viven con la ceguera.

tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[Sustantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

special needs
special needs
[Sustantivo]

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

necesidades específicas

necesidades específicas

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