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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Discapacidades y Enfermedades Físicas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre discapacidades y enfermedades físicas, como "disability", "AIDS", "plague", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability
disability
[Sustantivo]

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

discapacidad

discapacidad

Ex: Disability should not prevent someone from achieving their goals .

La discapacidad no debería impedir que alguien alcance sus metas.

syndrome
syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

síndrome

síndrome

Ex: Asperger 's syndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .

El síndrome de Asperger, una forma de trastorno del espectro autista, se caracteriza por dificultades en la interacción social y la comunicación no verbal, así como por patrones de comportamiento e intereses restringidos y repetitivos.

impairment
impairment
[Sustantivo]

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

discapacidad, impedimento

discapacidad, impedimento

Ex: Her cognitive impairment made it difficult for her to process complex information .

Su deterioro cognitivo hacía difícil para ella procesar información compleja.

AIDS
AIDS
[Sustantivo]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

sida

sida

Ex: The stigma surrounding AIDS can create barriers to healthcare access for those affected by the illness .

El estigma que rodea al SIDA puede crear barreras para el acceso a la atención médica para quienes padecen la enfermedad.

asthma
asthma
[Sustantivo]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

asma

asma

Ex: It 's important for people with asthma to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and prevent exacerbations .

Es importante que las personas con asma trabajen estrechamente con sus proveedores de atención médica para controlar su afección y prevenir exacerbaciones.

cancer
cancer
[Sustantivo]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

cáncer

cáncer

Ex: The doctor discussed the various treatment options available for colon cancer.

El médico discutió las diversas opciones de tratamiento disponibles para el cáncer de colon.

cholera
cholera
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

cólera

cólera

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .

Los médicos trabajaron sin descanso para tratar a los pacientes que sufrían de cólera en la clínica improvisada.

plague
plague
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

plaga, peste

plaga, peste

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .

Los síntomas de la peste pueden incluir fiebre, escalofríos, dolor de cabeza, debilidad y ganglios linfáticos inflamados y dolorosos.

measles
measles
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

sarampión

sarampión

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .

Las complicaciones del sarampión pueden incluir neumonía, encefalitis (inflamación del cerebro) y, en casos graves, la muerte.

diabetes
diabetes
[Sustantivo]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes

diabetes

chickenpox
chickenpox
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicela

varicela

Covid-19
Covid-19
[Sustantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19

COVID-19

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido profundos impactos socioeconómicos, llevando a cambios en la atención médica, los viajes y la vida cotidiana a nivel mundial.

seasickness
seasickness
[Sustantivo]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mareo

mareo

stroke
stroke
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

apoplejía, derrame cerebral

Ex: Common risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .

Los factores de riesgo comunes para el accidente cerebrovascular incluyen presión arterial alta, diabetes, colesterol alto, tabaquismo y obesidad.

heart attack
heart attack
[Sustantivo]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

ataque al corazón, infarto

ataque al corazón, infarto

Ex: The sudden heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .

El ataque al corazón repentino tomó a todos por sorpresa, destacando la imprevisibilidad de las enfermedades cardíacas.

infection
infection
[Sustantivo]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infección

infección

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff .

Los hospitales toman precauciones estrictas para evitar que las infecciones se propaguen entre pacientes y personal.

shock
shock
[Sustantivo]

a critical physical state in which the body fails to circulate blood effectively, leading to low oxygen delivery and potential organ collapse

shock

shock

Ex: The victim showed clear signs of shock.

La víctima mostró claros signos de shock.

genetic
genetic
[Adjetivo]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genético

genético

fatal
fatal
[Adjetivo]

resulting in death

fatal

fatal

Ex: The hiker fell from a cliff and suffered fatal injuries upon impact .

El excursionista cayó de un acantilado y sufrió heridas mortales al impactar.

disabled
disabled
[Adjetivo]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

discapacitado

discapacitado

Ex: The disabled worker excels in their job despite facing challenges related to their condition .

El trabajador discapacitado sobresale en su trabajo a pesar de enfrentar desafíos relacionados con su condición.

handicap
handicap
[Sustantivo]

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

discapacidad

discapacidad

deafness
deafness
[Sustantivo]

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

sordera

sordera

Ex: Early detection of deafness is essential for better outcomes .

La detección temprana de la sordera es esencial para obtener mejores resultados.

blindness
blindness
[Sustantivo]

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

ceguera

ceguera

Ex: The doctor explained that cataracts can lead to gradual blindness if left untreated .

El médico explicó que las cataratas pueden llevar a una ceguera gradual si no se tratan.

tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[Sustantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

special needs
special needs
[Sustantivo]

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

necesidades específicas

necesidades específicas

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