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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Physical Disabilities and Illnesses

Here you will learn some English words about physical disabilities and illness, such as "disability", "AIDS", "plague", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability

a physical or mental condition that makes it difficult for a person to do some activities and usually lasts for a long time

Ex: The building has been redesigned to improve access for people with disabilities. 
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syndrome
syndrome
[noun]

a recognizable group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular medical condition

Ex: The syndrome can cause persistent fatigue and muscle weakness. 
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impairment

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

Ex: The accident resulted in a significant impairment of his mobility. 
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AIDS
AIDS
[noun]

the most advanced stage of HIV infection, in which the immune system is severely weakened and becomes vulnerable to serious infections and illnesses

Ex: HIV can develop into AIDS if it is not properly treated. 
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asthma
asthma
[noun]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

Ex: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. 
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cancer
cancer
[noun]

a disease in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and may invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body

Ex: She underwent chemotherapy after being diagnosed with breast cancer. 
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cholera
cholera
[noun]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

Ex: The village suffered a severe cholera outbreak after the water supply became contaminated. 
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plague
plague
[noun]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

Ex: The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. 
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measles
measles
[noun]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
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diabetes
diabetes
[noun]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

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chickenpox

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

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Covid-19
Covid-19
[noun]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Ex: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. 
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seasickness

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

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stroke
stroke
[noun]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
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heart attack

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

Ex: He felt a sharp pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack. 
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infection
infection
[noun]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff. 
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shock
shock
[noun]

a critical physical state in which the body fails to circulate blood effectively, leading to low oxygen delivery and potential organ collapse

Ex: The patient went into shock after the injury. 
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genetic
genetic
[Adjective]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

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fatal
fatal
[Adjective]

resulting in death

Ex: The car accident caused fatal injuries to the driver, resulting in their death at the scene. 
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disabled
disabled
[Adjective]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

Ex: He uses a wheelchair to get around because he is disabled. 
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handicap
handicap
[noun]

a physical or mental condition that limits a person's ability to perform certain activities

Ex: Older medical records often described his physical disability as a handicap. 
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deafness
deafness
[noun]

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

Ex: Deafness can occur at any stage of life. 
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blindness
blindness
[noun]

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

Ex: He was born with congenital blindness and has never seen light or color. 
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tuberculosis

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

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special needs

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

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