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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Tělesná postižení a nemoci

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o tělesných postiženích a nemocech, jako je „disability“, „AIDS“, „mor“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

postižení, handicap

postižení, handicap

Ex: Disability should not prevent someone from achieving their goals .
syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

syndrom, syndromy

syndrom, syndromy

Ex: Aspergersyndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .
impairment
[Podstatné jméno]

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

impairment, postižení

impairment, postižení

Ex: Her impairment made it difficult for her to process complex information .
AIDS
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

AIDS, syndrom získané imunodeficience

AIDS, syndrom získané imunodeficience

Ex: The stigma AIDS can create barriers to healthcare access for those affected by the illness .
asthma
[Podstatné jméno]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

astma, astmatický záchvat

astma, astmatický záchvat

Ex: It 's important for people asthma to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and prevent exacerbations .
cancer
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

rakovina, nádor

rakovina, nádor

cholera
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

cholera, provázený cholera

cholera, provázený cholera

plague
[Podstatné jméno]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

mor, nákaza

mor, nákaza

Ex: Symptoms of plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .
measles
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

spalničky, measles

spalničky, measles

Ex: Complications measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .
diabetes
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes, cukrovka

diabetes, cukrovka

chickenpox
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicella, plané neštovice

varicella, plané neštovice

Covid-19
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19, koronavirová infekce

Covid-19, koronavirová infekce

Ex: COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .
seasickness
[Podstatné jméno]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mořská nevolnost, námořní nevolnost

mořská nevolnost, námořní nevolnost

stroke
[Podstatné jméno]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

mrtvice, cévní mozková příhoda

mrtvice, cévní mozková příhoda

Ex: Common risk factors stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .
heart attack
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

srdeční záchvat, infarkt

srdeční záchvat, infarkt

Ex: The heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .
infection
[Podstatné jméno]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

infekce, nakažení

infekce, nakažení

shock
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition following an extreme drop in blood pressure, caused by a massive blood loss, serious burns, etc., which makes the person feel cold, have rapid pulse and breathing

šok, šokový stav

šok, šokový stav

genetic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genetický, dědičný

genetický, dědičný

fatal
[Přídavné jméno]

resulting in death

smrtelný, osudový

smrtelný, osudový

Ex: The hiker fell from a cliff and fatal injuries upon impact .
disabled
[Přídavné jméno]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

postižený, invalidní

postižený, invalidní

Ex: disabled worker excels in their job despite facing challenges related to their condition .
handicap
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

handicap, postižené

handicap, postižené

deafness
[Podstatné jméno]

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

hluchota, neslyšnost

hluchota, neslyšnost

Ex: Early detection deafness is essential for better outcomes .
blindness
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

slepota, nevidomost

slepota, nevidomost

Ex: The doctor explained that cataracts can lead to blindness if left untreated .
tuberculosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberkulóza, tuberkulární onemocnění

tuberkulóza, tuberkulární onemocnění

special needs
[Podstatné jméno]

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

speciální potřeby, zvláštní potřeby

speciální potřeby, zvláštní potřeby

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