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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Физические недостатки и болезни

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о физических недостатках и болезнях, таких как "инвалидность", "СПИД", "чума" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
disability
disability
[существительное]

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

инвалидность

инвалидность

Ex: He was born with a disability that affects his ability to walk. 
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syndrome
syndrome
[существительное]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

синдром

синдром

Ex: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive facial features. 
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impairment
impairment
[существительное]

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

ухудшени

ухудшени

Ex: The accident resulted in a significant impairment of his mobility. 
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AIDS
AIDS
[существительное]

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

СПИД

СПИД

Ex: AIDS is a serious condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the immune system. 
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asthma
asthma
[существительное]

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

астма

астма

Ex: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. 
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cancer
cancer
[существительное]

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

рак

рак

Ex: She underwent chemotherapy to treat her breast cancer. 
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cholera
cholera
[существительное]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

холера

холера

Ex: The village suffered a severe cholera outbreak after the water supply became contaminated. 
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plague
plague
[существительное]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

чума

чума

Ex: The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. 
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measles
measles
[существительное]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

корь

корь

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
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diabetes
diabetes
[существительное]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

диабет

диабет

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chickenpox
chickenpox
[существительное]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

ветрянка

ветрянка

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Covid-19
Covid-19
[существительное]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Ковид-19

Ковид-19

Ex: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. 
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seasickness
seasickness
[существительное]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

морская болезнь

морская болезнь

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stroke
stroke
[существительное]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

инсульт

инсульт

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
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heart attack
heart attack
[существительное]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

сердечный приступ

сердечный приступ

Ex: He felt a sharp pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack. 
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infection
infection
[существительное]

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

инфекция

инфекция

Ex: Hospitals take strict precautions to prevent infections from spreading among patients and staff. 
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shock
shock
[существительное]

a critical physical state in which the body fails to circulate blood effectively, leading to low oxygen delivery and potential organ collapse

шок

шок

Ex: The patient went into shock after the injury. 
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genetic
genetic
[прилагательное]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

генетический

генетический

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fatal
fatal
[прилагательное]

resulting in death

смертельный

смертельный

Ex: The car accident caused fatal injuries to the driver, resulting in their death at the scene. 
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disabled
disabled
[прилагательное]

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

инвалид

инвалид

Ex: He uses a wheelchair to get around because he is disabled. 
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handicap
handicap
[существительное]

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

неполноценность

неполноценность

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deafness
deafness
[существительное]

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

глухота

глухота

Ex: Deafness can occur at any stage of life. 
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blindness
blindness
[существительное]

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

слепота

слепота

Ex: He was born with congenital blindness and has never seen light or color. 
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tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[существительное]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

туберкулёз

туберкулёз

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special needs
special needs
[существительное]

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

особые потребности

особые потребности

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