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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Mode du Commerce

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur le monde des affaires, tels que "agence", "industrie", "entreprise", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
human capital

one person or a group of people's abilities and strengths, looked at as valuable assets

capital humain

capital humain

Ex: Human capital is often considered a firm's most valuable resource. 
marketplace

the physical or virtual space where goods, services, and commodities are bought, sold, or exchanged, often involving various sellers and buyers

marché

marché

Ex: Technology has revolutionized the way businesses engage in the global marketplace. 

La technologie a révolutionné la façon dont les entreprises interagissent sur le marché mondial.

commerce

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

commerce

commerce

Ex: The Chamber of Commerce organized a trade fair to promote local businesses and encourage commerce in the region. 

La Chambre de Commerce a organisé une foire commerciale pour promouvoir les entreprises locales et encourager le commerce dans la région.

agency
agency
[nom]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

agence

agence

Ex: An employment agency connects job seekers with potential employers. 

Une agence d'emploi met en relation les demandeurs d'emploi avec les employeurs potentiels.

commercial
commercial
[Adjectif]

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

commercial

commercial

Ex: The city is known for its bustling commercial district. 

La ville est connue pour son commercial quartier animé.

industry

all of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods

industrie

industrie

Ex: She works in the automotive industry as a production manager. 

Elle travaille dans l'industrie automobile en tant que responsable de production.

enterprise

a company

enterprise

enterprise

Ex: She decided to start her own enterprise after gaining experience working for other companies. 

Elle a décidé de créer sa propre entreprise après avoir acquis de l'expérience en travaillant pour d'autres sociétés.

corporation

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

société

société

Ex: As a legal entity, the corporation can enter into contracts and own property. 

En tant que personne morale, la société peut conclure des contrats et posséder des biens.

human resources

(in an organization, company, etc.) a department that is in charge of hiring new employees and training them

direction des ressources humaines, service des ressources humaines

direction des ressources humaines, service des ressources humaines

Ex: Human resources handled the onboarding process for new hires. 

Les ressources humaines ont géré le processus d'intégration des nouvelles recrues.

corporate
corporate
[Adjectif]

involving a large company

d'entreprise

d'entreprise

Ex: She attended a corporate event to network with other professionals in her field. 
start-up

a newly established company or business venture, typically characterized by its innovative approach, early-stage development, and a focus on growth

start-up

start-up

Ex: The start-up quickly attracted investors. 

La start-up a rapidement attiré des investisseurs.

headquarters

the place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

siège

siège

Ex: She works at the headquarters of a multinational corporation. 

Elle travaille au siège social d'une entreprise multinationale.

franchise

a commercial enterprise that functions under an agreement, using the branding, systems, and products of an established company

franchise

franchise

Ex: The franchise employs over 30 staff and serves hundreds of customers daily. 

La franchise emploie plus de 30 employés et sert des centaines de clients quotidiennement.

venture
venture
[nom]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

entreprise risquée, entreprise hasardeuse, aventure

entreprise risquée, entreprise hasardeuse, aventure

Ex: The venture into international markets proved challenging. 

L'aventure sur les marchés internationaux s'est avérée difficile.

strategy

an organized plan made to achieve a goal

stratégie

stratégie

Ex: The coach discussed a new strategy before the match. 

L'entraîneur a discuté d'une nouvelle stratégie avant le match.

to manufacture

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

fabriquer

fabriquer

Ex: To meet the demand, the factory manufactures thousands of cars each month. 

Pour répondre à la demande, l'usine fabrique des milliers de voitures chaque mois.

machinery

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

machinerie, machines

machinerie, machines

Ex: The workers received training on how to safely operate the new machinery introduced to the workshop. 

Les travailleurs ont reçu une formation sur la façon d'utiliser en toute sécurité les nouvelles machines introduites dans l'atelier.

workshop

a building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means

atelier

atelier

Ex: The automotive workshop specializes in repairing cars and trucks. 

L'atelier automobile est spécialisé dans la réparation des voitures et des camions.

profit margin

the difference between the earnings and the costs in a business

taux de marge, marge bénéficiaire

taux de marge, marge bénéficiaire

Ex: A higher profit margin allows businesses to reinvest in growth initiatives and reward shareholders with dividends. 

Une marge bénéficiaire plus élevée permet aux entreprises de réinvestir dans des initiatives de croissance et de récompenser les actionnaires avec des dividendes.

earnings

(always plural) money received for work done or services provided

rendement, profit

rendement, profit

Ex: She used her annual earnings to save for a down payment on a house. 

Elle a utilisé ses gains annuels pour économiser en vue d'un acompte sur une maison.

shareholder

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

actionnaire

actionnaire

Ex: Each shareholder received a dividend payment based on the number of shares held. 
representative

an advocate or agent promoting another's policy or purpose

représentant, représentante

représentant, représentante

Ex: He is a representative of environmental interests. 

Il est un représentant des intérêts environnementaux.

to sponsor
to sponsor
[verbe]

to cover the costs of a project, TV or radio program, activity, etc., often in exchange for advertising

patronner, parrainer

patronner, parrainer

Ex: The organization sponsors community events to promote civic engagement. 

L'organisation parraine des événements communautaires pour promouvoir l'engagement civique.

merger
merger
[nom]

the joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one

fusion

fusion

Ex: Shareholders voted in favor of the merger, seeing it as an opportunity for growth and increased market share. 

Les actionnaires ont voté en faveur de la fusion, la considérant comme une opportunité de croissance et d'augmentation de la part de marché.

association

an organization of people who have a common purpose

association, club, groupe

association, club, groupe

Ex: Many professionals join an association to network and share knowledge. 

De nombreux professionnels rejoignent une association pour réseauter et partager des connaissances.

administration

the process and activities required to control and manage an organization

administration, gérance, gestion

administration, gérance, gestion

Ex: Proper administration of the vaccine requires trained healthcare professionals. 

L'administration appropriée du vaccin nécessite des professionnels de santé formés.

administrative
administrative
[Adjectif]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

administratif

administratif

Ex: Her administrative duties include scheduling appointments and managing correspondence. 

Ses tâches administratives incluent la planification des rendez-vous et la gestion de la correspondance.

executive
executive
[Adjectif]

using or having the power to decide on important matters, plans, etc. or to implement them

exécutif

exécutif

Ex: She holds executive power to approve or veto legislative proposals. 
marketing

the act or process of selling or advertising a product or service, usually including market research

marketing

marketing

Ex: The company invested heavily in digital marketing. 

L'entreprise a investi massivement dans le marketing numérique.

branding

the promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design

publicité, promotion

publicité, promotion

Ex: She led the branding campaign for the new beverage line. 
promotion

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

promotion

promotion

Ex: He was thrilled to learn that he had been offered a promotion to manager of his department. 

Il était ravi d'apprendre qu'on lui avait proposé une promotion au poste de directeur de son département.

to publicize

to dispose information about something, so that it publicly known

parler de, rapporter

parler de, rapporter

Ex: She publicized the workshop to reach more potential participants. 

Elle a publicisé l'atelier pour atteindre plus de participants potentiels.

to launch
to launch
[verbe]

to make a new product or provide a new service and introduce it to the public

lancer

lancer

Ex: The startup launched their innovative app to a global audience. 

La startup a lancé son application innovante à un public mondial.

distribution

the process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

distribution

distribution

Ex: Efficient distribution is key to meeting customer demand in retail. 

Une distribution efficace est essentielle pour répondre à la demande des clients dans le commerce de détail.

to chair
to chair
[verbe]

to lead a committee or meeting

présider

présider

Ex: The experienced professor will chair the academic committee, overseeing curriculum decisions. 

Le professeur expérimenté présidera le comité académique, supervisant les décisions concernant le programme.

chief technology officer

a person of senior rank in charge of a company's technological matters

directeur de la technologie, directeur technique

directeur de la technologie, directeur technique

Ex: As the CTO, he leads a team of engineers and developers in creating cutting-edge software solutions. 

En tant que directeur technique, il dirige une équipe d'ingénieurs et de développeurs dans la création de solutions logicielles de pointe.

entrepreneur

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

entrepreneur

entrepreneur

Ex: The entrepreneur’s innovative ideas revolutionized the industry. 

Les idées innovantes de l'entrepreneur ont révolutionné l'industrie.

merchant

someone who buys and sells goods wholesale

négociant, commerçant, grossiste

négociant, commerçant, grossiste

Ex: She bought fresh produce from the local merchant at the farmers' market. 

Elle a acheté des produits frais chez le marchand local au marché des agriculteurs.

chief financial officer

a person of the highest authority over a company's financial matters

directeur financier, directrice financière

directeur financier, directrice financière

Ex: She was promoted to chief financial officer after demonstrating exceptional financial acumen and leadership skills. 

Elle a été promue directrice financière après avoir fait preuve d'une acuité financière exceptionnelle et de compétences en leadership.

chief executive officer

the highest-ranking person in a company

PDG

PDG

Ex: She became the youngest CEO in the organization's history. 

Elle est devenue la plus jeune directrice générale de l'histoire de l'organisation.

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