واژگان ضروری برای TOEFL - دنیای تجارت

one person or a group of people's abilities and strengths, looked at as valuable assets

سرمایه انسانی

the economical transactions and deals

معاملات بازرگانی

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

تجارت

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

نمایندگی

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

تجاری

all of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods

صنعت

a company

شرکت

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

شرکت‌سهامی

(in an organization, company, etc.) a department that is in charge of hiring new employees and training them

بخش منابع انسانی (شرکت، سازمان و غیره)

involving a large company

شرکتی

a business or company that has just begun operation

شرکت نوپا

the place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

دفتر مرکزی

a permission granted to a person or group by a government or company that enables them to sell their services or products in a specific area

حق امتیاز

a business activity that is mostly very risky

معامله قماری

an organized plan made to achieve a goal

راهبرد

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

تولید کردن

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

ماشین‌آلات

a building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means

کارگاه

the difference between the earnings and the costs in a business

حاشيه سود

(always plural) money received for work done or services provided

درآمد

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

سهام‌دار

someone who works for a company, representing the company's product

نماینده

to cover the costs of a project, TV or radio program, activity, etc., often in exchange for advertising

حمایت مالی کردن

the joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one

ادغام

an organization of people who have a common purpose

انجمن

the process and activities required to control and manage an organization

مدیریت

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

اجرایی

using or having the power to decide on important matters, plans, etc. or to implement them

اجرایی

the act or process of selling or advertising a product or service, usually including market research

بازاریابی

the promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design

تبلیغات

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

تبلیغ

to dispose information about something, so that it publicly known

تبلیغ کردن

to make a new product or provide a new service and introduce it to the public

روانه بازار کردن

the process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

توزیع (محصول)

to lead a committee or meeting

رئیس جلسه بودن

a person of senior rank in charge of a company's technological matters

مدیر ارشد فناوری

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

کارآفرین

someone who buys and sells goods wholesale

تاجر

a person of the highest authority over a company's financial matters

مدیر ارشد مالی

the highest-ranking person in a company

مدیرعامل