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المفردات الأساسية لاختبار TOEFL - عالم الأعمال

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية عن عالم الأعمال، مثل "agency"، "industry"، "venture"، وما إلى ذلك، اللازمة لامتحان TOEFL.

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اختبار قصير

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
human capital

one person or a group of people's abilities and strengths, looked at as valuable assets

رأس المال البشري

رأس المال البشري

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[اسم]
marketplace

the economical transactions and deals

سوق

سوق

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[اسم]
commerce

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

التجارة الدولية

التجارة الدولية

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[اسم]
agency

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

وكالة

وكالة

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[اسم]
commercial

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

تجاري

تجاري

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[صفة]
industry

all of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods

صناعة

صناعة

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[اسم]
enterprise

a company

شركة

شركة

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[اسم]
corporation

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

شركة

شركة

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[اسم]
human resources

(in an organization, company, etc.) a department that is in charge of hiring new employees and training them

الموارد البشرية

الموارد البشرية

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[اسم]
corporate

involving a large company

شركات

شركات

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[صفة]
start-up

a business or company that has just begun operation

شركة ناشئة

شركة ناشئة

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[اسم]
headquarters

the place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

المقر الرئيسي

المقر الرئيسي

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[اسم]
franchise

a permission granted to a person or group by a government or company that enables them to sell their services or products in a specific area

امتياز

امتياز

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[اسم]
venture

a business activity that is mostly very risky

مشروع محفوف بالمخاطر

مشروع محفوف بالمخاطر

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[اسم]
strategy

an organized plan made to achieve a goal

استراتيجية

استراتيجية

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[اسم]
to manufacture

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

تصنيع

تصنيع

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[فعل]
machinery

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

آلات

آلات

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[اسم]
workshop

a building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means

ورشة

ورشة

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[اسم]
profit margin

the difference between the earnings and the costs in a business

هامش الربح

هامش الربح

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[اسم]
earnings

(always plural) money received for work done or services provided

الإيرادات

الإيرادات

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[اسم]
shareholder

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

مساهم

مساهم

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[اسم]
representative

someone who works for a company, representing the company's product

ممثل

ممثل

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[اسم]
to sponsor

to cover the costs of a project, TV or radio program, activity, etc., often in exchange for advertising

يرعي

يرعي

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[فعل]
merger

the joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one

اندماج

اندماج

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[اسم]
association

an organization of people who have a common purpose

جمعية

جمعية

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[اسم]
administration

the process and activities required to control and manage an organization

إدارة

إدارة

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[اسم]
administrative

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

إداري

إداري

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[صفة]
executive

using or having the power to decide on important matters, plans, etc. or to implement them

تنفيذي

تنفيذي

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[صفة]
marketing

the act or process of selling or advertising a product or service, usually including market research

تسويق

تسويق

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[اسم]
branding

the promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design

علامة تجارية

علامة تجارية

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[اسم]
promotion

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

ترويج

ترويج

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[اسم]
to publicize

to dispose information about something, so that it publicly known

نشر

نشر

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[فعل]
to launch

to make a new product or provide a new service and introduce it to the public

إطلاق

إطلاق

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[فعل]
distribution

the process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

توزيع

توزيع

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[اسم]
to chair

to lead a committee or meeting

ترأس

ترأس

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[فعل]
chief technology officer

a person of senior rank in charge of a company's technological matters

المدير التنفيذي للتكنولوجيا

المدير التنفيذي للتكنولوجيا

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[اسم]
entrepreneur

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

رجل أعمال

رجل أعمال

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[اسم]
merchant

someone who buys and sells goods wholesale

تاجر

تاجر

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[اسم]
chief financial officer

a person of the highest authority over a company's financial matters

المدير المالي

المدير المالي

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[اسم]
chief executive officer

the highest-ranking person in a company

الرئيس التنفيذي

الرئيس التنفيذي

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[اسم]
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