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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - The Business World

Here you will learn some English words about the business world, such as "agency", "industry", "venture", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
human capital

one person or a group of people's abilities and strengths, looked at as valuable assets

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marketplace

the physical or virtual space where goods, services, and commodities are bought, sold, or exchanged, often involving various sellers and buyers

Ex: The digital marketplace has grown exponentially with the rise of e-commerce .
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commerce
commerce
[noun]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.
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agency
agency
[noun]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

Ex: An insurance agency sells and services insurance policies to clients , acting as a liaison between the insurer and the insured .
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commercial
commercial
[Adjective]

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

Ex: The film was a commercial success despite mixed reviews .
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industry
industry
[noun]

all of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods

Ex: The food industry follows strict safety regulations .
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enterprise

a company

Ex: The startup aims to disrupt the industry with its innovative enterprise solutions .
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corporation

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

Ex: The new environmental regulations will affect how the corporation conducts its business .
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human resources

(in an organization, company, etc.) a department that is in charge of hiring new employees and training them

Ex: She contacted human resources to ask about her salary increase .
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corporate
corporate
[Adjective]

involving a large company

Ex: Corporate taxes play a significant role in government revenue collection .
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start-up
start-up
[noun]

a newly established company or business venture, typically characterized by its innovative approach, early-stage development, and a focus on growth

Ex: The start-up expanded rapidly after its product went viral .
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headquarters

the place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

Ex: The tech giant 's headquarters feature state-of-the-art facilities and amenities .
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franchise
franchise
[noun]

a commercial enterprise that functions under an agreement, using the branding, systems, and products of an established company

Ex: The franchise expanded its services to include delivery and catering .
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venture
venture
[noun]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

Ex: Launching a new product line was a risky venture for the company.
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strategy
strategy
[noun]

an organized plan made to achieve a goal

Ex: The government introduced a strategy to reduce pollution .
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to manufacture

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

Ex: They manufacture medical equipment for hospitals .
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machinery
machinery
[noun]

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

Ex: The workers received training on how to safely operate the new machinery introduced to the workshop .
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workshop
workshop
[noun]

a building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means

Ex: He spent the weekend at the woodworking workshop, crafting a new bookshelf .
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profit margin

the difference between the earnings and the costs in a business

Ex: Analyzing competitors ' profit margins can provide valuable insights into market trends and competitive positioning .
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earnings
earnings
[noun]

(always plural) money received for work done or services provided

Ex: The government 's policies aimed to increase household earnings and reduce income inequality .
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shareholder

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

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representative

an advocate or agent promoting another's policy or purpose

Ex: The diplomat acted as a representative of peace initiatives .
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to sponsor

to cover the costs of a project, TV or radio program, activity, etc., often in exchange for advertising

Ex: The brand sponsors a popular TV show , showcasing its products during commercial breaks .
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merger
merger
[noun]

the joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one

Ex: The merger of the healthcare providers aimed to improve patient services and reduce operational costs .
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association

an organization of people who have a common purpose

Ex: Associations often offer workshops and conferences to their members .
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administration

the process and activities required to control and manage an organization

Ex: Incorrect administration of the drug can lead to severe side effects .
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administrative
administrative
[Adjective]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .
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executive
executive
[Adjective]

using or having the power to decide on important matters, plans, etc. or to implement them

Ex: The executive team meets regularly to review performance and set objectives for the organization .
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marketing
marketing
[noun]

the act or process of selling or advertising a product or service, usually including market research

Ex: The team analyzed data to improve their marketing campaign.
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branding
branding
[noun]

the promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design

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promotion
promotion
[noun]

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

Ex: The promotion campaign featured catchy slogans and eye-catching visuals to attract potential customers .
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to publicize

to dispose information about something, so that it publicly known

Ex: The company publicized the event to attract a larger audience .
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to launch
to launch
[Verb]

to make a new product or provide a new service and introduce it to the public

Ex: The team worked hard to launch the website ahead of schedule .
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distribution

the process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

Ex: The distribution center was located near major highways to facilitate quick deliveries .
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to chair
to chair
[Verb]

to lead a committee or meeting

Ex: The CEO often chairs high-level strategy sessions to steer the company 's direction .
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chief technology officer

a person of senior rank in charge of a company's technological matters

Ex: The CTO presented a new cybersecurity framework to the board of directors for approval.
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entrepreneur

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

Ex: Many entrepreneurs face significant risks but also have the potential for substantial rewards .
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merchant
merchant
[noun]

someone who buys and sells goods wholesale

Ex: During the festival , the streets were lined with merchants selling their wares to eager customers .
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chief financial officer

a person of the highest authority over a company's financial matters

Ex: The new chief financial officer implemented several cost-saving measures to improve the company 's profitability .
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chief executive officer

the highest-ranking person in a company

Ex: Employees appreciated the CEO's transparency during difficult times.
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