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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Ang Mundo ng Negosyo

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa mundo ng negosyo, tulad ng "agency", "industry", "venture", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
human capital
[Pangngalan]

one person or a group of people's abilities and strengths, looked at as valuable assets

kapital ng tao, yamang tao

kapital ng tao, yamang tao

marketplace
[Pangngalan]

the physical or virtual space where goods, services, and commodities are bought, sold, or exchanged, often involving various sellers and buyers

pamilihan, merkado

pamilihan, merkado

Ex: The digital marketplace has grown exponentially with the rise of e-commerce .Ang digital na **pamilihan** ay lumago nang malaki sa pagtaas ng e-commerce.
commerce
[Pangngalan]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

kalakalan

kalakalan

Ex: The Department of Commerce released a report on the growth of e-commerce sales in the past year, highlighting significant trends in consumer behavior.Ang Kagawaran ng **Komersyo** ay naglabas ng ulat tungkol sa paglago ng mga benta ng e-commerce sa nakaraang taon, na nagha-highlight ng makabuluhang mga trend sa pag-uugali ng mga mamimili.
agency
[Pangngalan]

a business or organization that provides services to other parties, especially by representing them in transactions

ahensya, opisina

ahensya, opisina

Ex: An insurance agency sells and services insurance policies to clients , acting as a liaison between the insurer and the insured .Ang isang **ahensya** ng seguro ay nagbebenta at naglilingkod ng mga polisa ng seguro sa mga kliyente, na gumaganap bilang isang tagapamagitan sa pagitan ng insurer at ng insured.
commercial
[pang-uri]

related to the purchasing and selling of different goods and services

pangkalakalan

pangkalakalan

Ex: The film was a commercial success despite mixed reviews .Ang pelikula ay isang **komersyal** na tagumpay sa kabila ng magkahalong mga pagsusuri.
industry
[Pangngalan]

all of the activities, companies, and people that are involved in providing a service or producing goods

industriya, sektor

industriya, sektor

Ex: The food industry follows strict safety regulations .Ang **industriya** ng pagkain ay sumusunod sa mahigpit na mga regulasyon sa kaligtasan.
enterprise
[Pangngalan]

a company

negosyo, kumpanya

negosyo, kumpanya

Ex: The startup aims to disrupt the industry with its innovative enterprise solutions .Ang startup ay naglalayong guluhin ang industriya sa pamamagitan ng mga makabagong solusyon nito para sa **negosyo**.
corporation
[Pangngalan]

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

korporasyon, kumpanya

korporasyon, kumpanya

Ex: The new environmental regulations will affect how the corporation conducts its business .Ang mga bagong regulasyon sa kapaligiran ay makakaapekto sa kung paano isinasagawa ng **korporasyon** ang negosyo nito.
human resources
[Pangngalan]

(in an organization, company, etc.) a department that is in charge of hiring new employees and training them

mga yamang tao, kagawaran ng tauhan

mga yamang tao, kagawaran ng tauhan

Ex: She contacted human resources to ask about her salary increase .Nakipag-ugnayan siya sa **human resources** para magtanong tungkol sa kanyang salary increase.
corporate
[pang-uri]

involving a large company

pangkorporasyon, ng kumpanya

pangkorporasyon, ng kumpanya

Ex: Corporate taxes play a significant role in government revenue collection .Ang mga buwis **korporasyon** ay may malaking papel sa koleksyon ng kita ng pamahalaan.
start-up
[Pangngalan]

a newly established company or business venture, typically characterized by its innovative approach, early-stage development, and a focus on growth

start-up, bagong tatag na kumpanya

start-up, bagong tatag na kumpanya

Ex: The start-up expanded rapidly after its product went viral .Mabilis na lumawak ang **start-up** matapos maging viral ang produkto nito.
headquarters
[Pangngalan]

the place where the main offices of a large company or organization are located

punong-tanggapan, headquarters

punong-tanggapan, headquarters

Ex: The tech giant 's headquarters feature state-of-the-art facilities and amenities .Ang **punong-tanggapan** ng tech giant ay nagtatampok ng state-of-the-art na pasilidad at amenities.
franchise
[Pangngalan]

a permission granted to a person or group by a government or company that enables them to sell their services or products in a specific area

prangkisa, pribilehiyo

prangkisa, pribilehiyo

Ex: The franchise agreement outlined the terms and conditions for operating the business under the brand name .Ang kasunduan sa **prangkisa** ay naglatag ng mga tuntunin at kundisyon para sa pagpapatakbo ng negosyo sa ilalim ng pangalan ng brand.
venture
[Pangngalan]

a business activity that is mostly very risky

negosyo, proyekto

negosyo, proyekto

Ex: Launching a new product line was a risky venture for the company.Ang paglulunsad ng isang bagong linya ng produkto ay isang mapanganib na **venture** para sa kumpanya.
strategy
[Pangngalan]

an organized plan made to achieve a goal

estratehiya, plano

estratehiya, plano

Ex: The government introduced a strategy to reduce pollution .Ang pamahalaan ay nagpakilala ng isang **stratehiya** upang mabawasan ang polusyon.

to produce products in large quantities by using machinery

gumawa, magprodyus

gumawa, magprodyus

Ex: They manufacture medical equipment for hospitals .Sila ay **gumagawa** ng mga kagamitang medikal para sa mga ospital.
machinery
[Pangngalan]

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

makinarya, kagamitang pang-industriya

makinarya, kagamitang pang-industriya

Ex: The workers received training on how to safely operate the new machinery introduced to the workshop .Ang mga manggagawa ay nakatanggap ng pagsasanay kung paano ligtas na patakbuhin ang bagong **makinarya** na ipinakilala sa workshop.
workshop
[Pangngalan]

a building or room in which particular goods are made or fixed by different means

workshop, pagawaan

workshop, pagawaan

Ex: He spent the weekend at the woodworking workshop, crafting a new bookshelf .Ginugol niya ang weekend sa **workshop** ng paggawa ng kahoy, gumagawa ng bagong bookshelf.
profit margin
[Pangngalan]

the difference between the earnings and the costs in a business

margin ng kita, profit margin

margin ng kita, profit margin

Ex: Analyzing competitors ' profit margins can provide valuable insights into market trends and competitive positioning .Ang pagsusuri sa **mga margin ng kita** ng mga kakumpitensya ay maaaring magbigay ng mahalagang pananaw sa mga trend ng merkado at competitive positioning.
earnings
[Pangngalan]

(always plural) money received for work done or services provided

kita, kita

kita, kita

Ex: The government 's policies aimed to increase household earnings and reduce income inequality .Ang mga patakaran ng pamahalaan ay naglalayong dagdagan ang **kita** ng sambahayan at bawasan ang hindi pagkakapantay-pantay sa kita.
shareholder
[Pangngalan]

a natural or legal person that owns at least one share in a company

shareholder, may-ari ng bahagi

shareholder, may-ari ng bahagi

representative
[Pangngalan]

someone who works for a company, representing the company's product

kinatawan,  delegado

kinatawan, delegado

to sponsor
[Pandiwa]

to cover the costs of a project, TV or radio program, activity, etc., often in exchange for advertising

isponsor, pondohan

isponsor, pondohan

Ex: The brand sponsors a popular TV show , showcasing its products during commercial breaks .Ang brand ay **nag-sponsor** ng isang sikat na TV show, na ipinapakita ang mga produkto nito sa mga commercial break.
merger
[Pangngalan]

the joining of two companies or organizations together to form a larger one

pagsasama, pag-iisa

pagsasama, pag-iisa

Ex: The merger of the healthcare providers aimed to improve patient services and reduce operational costs .Ang **pagsasama** ng mga tagapagbigay ng pangangalagang pangkalusugan ay naglalayong pagbutihin ang mga serbisyo sa pasyente at bawasan ang mga gastos sa pagpapatakbo.
association
[Pangngalan]

an organization of people who have a common purpose

asosasyon, organisasyon

asosasyon, organisasyon

Ex: Associations often offer workshops and conferences to their members .Ang mga **samahan** ay madalas na nag-aalok ng mga workshop at kumperensya sa kanilang mga miyembro.
administration
[Pangngalan]

the process and activities required to control and manage an organization

pangangasiwa,  pamamahala

pangangasiwa, pamamahala

Ex: Incorrect administration of the drug can lead to severe side effects .
administrative
[pang-uri]

related to the management and organization of tasks, processes, or resources within an organization or system

administratibo

administratibo

Ex: Administrative procedures streamline workflow and improve efficiency in the workplace .Ang mga pamamaraang **administratibo** ay nagpapadali sa daloy ng trabaho at nagpapabuti sa kahusayan sa lugar ng trabaho.
executive
[pang-uri]

using or having the power to decide on important matters, plans, etc. or to implement them

ehekutibo, pampamahala

ehekutibo, pampamahala

Ex: The executive team meets regularly to review performance and set objectives for the organization .Ang **ehekutibo** na koponan ay regular na nagpupulong upang suriin ang pagganap at magtakda ng mga layunin para sa organisasyon.
marketing
[Pangngalan]

the act or process of selling or advertising a product or service, usually including market research

pamamalagi, marketing

pamamalagi, marketing

Ex: The team analyzed data to improve their marketing campaign.Ang koponan ay nagsuri ng datos upang mapabuti ang kanilang kampanya sa **marketing**.
branding
[Pangngalan]

the promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design

tatak, imahe ng tatak

tatak, imahe ng tatak

promotion
[Pangngalan]

the activity of drawing public attention to a service or product in order to help it sell more

promosyon,  patalastas

promosyon, patalastas

Ex: The promotion campaign featured catchy slogans and eye-catching visuals to attract potential customers .Ang kampanya ng **promosyon** ay nagtatampok ng mga nakakaakit na slogan at mga visual na nakakakuha ng atensyon upang maakit ang mga potensyal na customer.
to publicize
[Pandiwa]

to dispose information about something, so that it publicly known

ipahayag, ipalaganap

ipahayag, ipalaganap

Ex: The company publicized the event to attract a larger audience .**Ipinahayag** ng kumpanya ang event upang makaakit ng mas malaking audience.
to launch
[Pandiwa]

to make a new product or provide a new service and introduce it to the public

ilunsad, simulan

ilunsad, simulan

Ex: The team worked hard to launch the website ahead of schedule .Ang koponan ay nagtrabaho nang husto upang **ilunsad** ang website nang mas maaga sa iskedyul.
distribution
[Pangngalan]

the process of supplying shops and other businesses with products to be sold

pamamahagi

pamamahagi

Ex: The distribution center was located near major highways to facilitate quick deliveries .Ang sentro ng **pamamahagi** ay matatagpuan malapit sa mga pangunahing highway upang mapadali ang mabilis na paghahatid.
to chair
[Pandiwa]

to lead a committee or meeting

mangulo, pamunuan

mangulo, pamunuan

Ex: The CEO often chairs high-level strategy sessions to steer the company 's direction .Ang CEO ay madalas na **nagpapangulo** ng mga sesyon ng estratehiya na mataas ang antas upang patnubayan ang direksyon ng kumpanya.

a person of senior rank in charge of a company's technological matters

punong opisyal ng teknolohiya, direktor ng teknolohiya

punong opisyal ng teknolohiya, direktor ng teknolohiya

Ex: The CTO presented a new cybersecurity framework to the board of directors for approval.Ang **chief technology officer** ay nagharap ng bagong cybersecurity framework sa lupon ng mga direktor para sa pag-apruba.
entrepreneur
[Pangngalan]

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

negosyante

negosyante

Ex: Many entrepreneurs face significant risks but also have the potential for substantial rewards .Maraming **entrepreneur** ang nahaharap sa malalaking panganib ngunit mayroon ding potensyal para sa malaking gantimpala.
merchant
[Pangngalan]

someone who buys and sells goods wholesale

mangangalakal, negosyante

mangangalakal, negosyante

Ex: During the festival , the streets were lined with merchants selling their wares to eager customers .Sa panahon ng festival, ang mga kalye ay puno ng mga **mangangalakal** na nagbebenta ng kanilang mga paninda sa mga sabik na customer.

a person of the highest authority over a company's financial matters

punong opisyal ng pananalapi, direktor pananalapi

punong opisyal ng pananalapi, direktor pananalapi

Ex: The new chief financial officer implemented several cost-saving measures to improve the company 's profitability .Ang bagong **punong opisyal ng pananalapi** ay nagpatupad ng ilang mga hakbang sa pagtitipid upang mapabuti ang kakayahang kumita ng kumpanya.

the highest-ranking person in a company

punong ehekutibong opisyal, punong opisyal ng ehekutibo

punong ehekutibong opisyal, punong opisyal ng ehekutibo

Ex: Employees appreciated the CEO's transparency during difficult times.Pinahahalagahan ng mga empleyado ang transparency ng **punong ehekutibong opisyal** sa mga mahihirap na panahon.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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