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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Politics

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang politik, seperti "electoral", "coalition", "bilateral", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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candidacy
[Kata benda]

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

pencalonan

pencalonan

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electoral
[Adjektiva]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

elektoral, berkaitan dengan pemilihan

elektoral, berkaitan dengan pemilihan

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .Partisipasi **pemilu** dalam pemilihan terakhir lebih tinggi dari yang diharapkan, menunjukkan peningkatan keterlibatan warga.
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parliamentary
[Adjektiva]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlementer, berkaitan dengan parlemen

parlementer, berkaitan dengan parlemen

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government .Sidang **parlemen** dimulai dengan pidato pembukaan oleh kepala negara atau pemerintahan.
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congressional
[Adjektiva]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

kongres, milik Kongres

kongres, milik Kongres

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .Proses anggaran **kongres** menentukan prioritas pengeluaran federal.
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electoral college
[Kata benda]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

kolese elektoral, dewan pemilih

kolese elektoral, dewan pemilih

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constituency
[Kata benda]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

daerah pemilihan, pemilih

daerah pemilihan, pemilih

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .Sebuah survei dilakukan untuk mengukur pendapat **konstituen** tentang reformasi pajak baru.
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absentee ballot
[Kata benda]

a ballot filled out and mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is not able to attend the polls

surat suara tidak hadir, pemungutan suara tidak hadir

surat suara tidak hadir, pemungutan suara tidak hadir

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chancellor
[Kata benda]

the head of state in some countries, like Germany

kanselir

kanselir

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activism
[Kata benda]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivisme, perjuangan

aktivisme, perjuangan

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Dia terlibat dalam **aktivisme** sejak masa remajanya, memperjuangkan kesetaraan gender dan hak-hak perempuan.
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coalition
[Kata benda]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalisi, aliansi

koalisi, aliansi

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .Serikat pekerja membentuk **koalisi** dengan organisasi mahasiswa untuk memperjuangkan kondisi kerja yang lebih baik dan pendidikan yang terjangkau.
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referendum
[Kata benda]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendum

referendum

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inauguration
[Kata benda]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

pelantikan

pelantikan

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Perayaan **pelantikan** termasuk parade, konser, dan kembang api untuk merayakan pemerintahan baru.
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bilateral
[Adjektiva]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .Sebuah perjanjian **bilateral** dicapai mengenai perlindungan lingkungan.
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capitol
[Kata benda]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Gedung Capitol, bangunan Capitol

Gedung Capitol, bangunan Capitol

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apolitical
[Adjektiva]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitis, tidak tertarik pada politik

apolitis, tidak tertarik pada politik

Ex: The community center served as an apolitical space , welcoming everyone regardless of their political beliefs to engage in recreational activities .Pusat komunitas berfungsi sebagai ruang **apolitik**, menyambut semua orang terlepas dari keyakinan politik mereka untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan rekreasi.
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autonomy
[Kata benda]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

otonomi

otonomi

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .Setelah mendapatkan **otonomi**, negara tersebut menetapkan hukum dan struktur pemerintahan sendiri.
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autonomous
[Adjektiva]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

otonom, mandiri

otonom, mandiri

Ex: The organization functions as an autonomous body , with its own executive board and administrative processes .Organisasi berfungsi sebagai badan **otonom**, dengan dewan eksekutif dan proses administratifnya sendiri.
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secularism
[Kata benda]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

sekularisme, pemisahan negara dari agama

sekularisme, pemisahan negara dari agama

Ex: The rise of secularism has led to more inclusive laws that respect all beliefs .
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capitalism
[Kata benda]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalisme, sistem kapitalis

kapitalisme, sistem kapitalis

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .Runtuhnya rezim sosialis di Eropa Timur menandai pergeseran menuju **kapitalisme** di negara-negara tersebut.
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liberalism
[Kata benda]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalisme, doktrin liberal

liberalisme, doktrin liberal

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Para kritikus berpendapat bahwa **liberalisme** terkadang dapat mengabaikan kebutuhan kelompok marginal, tetapi para pendukungnya percaya bahwa kebebasan pribadi dan institusi demokratis pada akhirnya menguntungkan semua orang.
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colonialism
[Kata benda]

the practice of gaining total or partial political control over another country, exploiting its resources, and occupying it with settlers

kolonialisme

kolonialisme

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isolationism
[Kata benda]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolasionisme

isolasionisme

Ex: The government 's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability .Pergeseran pemerintah menuju **isolasionisme** dipandang sebagai respons terhadap ketidakstabilan global.
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populism
[Kata benda]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populisme, demagogi

populisme, demagogi

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures .Kebangkitan **populisme** dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dikaitkan dengan ketidakpuasan yang meluas terhadap partai politik tradisional dan dampak globalisasi terhadap ekonomi dan budaya lokal.
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fascism
[Kata benda]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fasisme

fasisme

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .Gerakan perlawanan berjuang dengan berani melawan penyebaran **fasisme** selama Perang Dunia II.
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oligarchy
[Kata benda]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarki, pemerintahan oleh kelompok kecil

oligarki, pemerintahan oleh kelompok kecil

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism , as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population .Kebangkitan **oligarki** sering mengarah pada korupsi dan nepotisme, karena elit penguasa mengutamakan kepentingan mereka sendiri daripada kepentingan populasi yang lebih luas.
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feudalism
[Kata benda]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feodalisme, sistem feodal

feodalisme, sistem feodal

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .Konsep **feodalisme** membentuk sistem politik dan ekonomi kerajaan abad pertengahan.
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idealism
[Kata benda]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealisme

idealisme

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .Guru mendorong **idealisme**, meminta siswa untuk membayangkan masa depan yang sempurna.
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demagogue
[Kata benda]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, penghasut

demagog, penghasut

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people .Demokrasi rentan terhadap pengaruh **demagog** yang mengutamakan kekuasaan mereka sendiri di atas kesejahteraan rakyat.
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confederation
[Kata benda]

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

konfederasi, aliansi

konfederasi, aliansi

Ex: The confederation model allows for cooperation and coordination among member states while preserving their autonomy and identity .Model **konfederasi** memungkinkan kerja sama dan koordinasi di antara negara anggota sambil mempertahankan otonomi dan identitas mereka.
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federation
[Kata benda]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federasi, konfederasi

federasi, konfederasi

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fanatic
[Kata benda]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatik, ekstremis

fanatik, ekstremis

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .Kelompok itu dipimpin oleh seorang **fanatik** yang sangat percaya pada ideologi radikalnya.
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nationalism
[Kata benda]

a strong feeling of love and pride for one's country, often associated with thinking that country is also superior to any other

nasionalisme

nasionalisme

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federalism
[Kata benda]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalisme

federalisme

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Prinsip-prinsip **federalisme** dirancang untuk melindungi kedaulatan negara bagian individu sambil mempertahankan pemerintah nasional yang bersatu.
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imperialism
[Kata benda]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialisme, kolonialisme

imperialisme, kolonialisme

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories .Pada era **imperialisme**, kekuatan-kekuatan besar sering bersaing untuk menguasai wilayah.
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to lobby
[kata kerja]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

melobi, menekan

melobi, menekan

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .Industri farmasi telah **melobi** pembuat undang-undang untuk mempercepat proses persetujuan obat.
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nonpartisan
[Adjektiva]

being politically neutral, unbiased, and not supporting any particular party

nonpartisan, tidak memihak

nonpartisan, tidak memihak

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rally
[Kata benda]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

rapat umum, unjuk rasa

rapat umum, unjuk rasa

Ex: He was arrested during the rally for protesting against government policies he viewed as unfair .Dia ditangkap selama **unjuk rasa** karena memprotes kebijakan pemerintah yang dia anggap tidak adil.
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utopia
[Kata benda]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopia, surga imajiner

utopia, surga imajiner

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .Banyak orang berharap untuk sebuah **utopia** tetapi sulit mencapainya dalam kenyataan.
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