Vocabulário Avançado para o TOEFL - Politics

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

candidatura, candidatos

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

eleitoral, de eleição

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentar, relativo ao parlamento

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

congressional, relativo ao Congresso

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

colégio eleitoral

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

circoscrição, constituência

a ballot filled out and mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is not able to attend the polls

cédula de voto ausente, voto por correio

the head of state in some countries, like Germany

chanceler, chanceler mulher

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

ativismo, militantismo

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalizão

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendo

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguração, cerimônia de posse

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral, bilateral

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Capitólio

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolítico, desinteressado em política

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomia

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autônomo, independente

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

secularismo, laicismo

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalismo

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

the practice of gaining total or partial political control over another country, exploiting its resources, and occupying it with settlers

colonialismo, colonização

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolacionismo

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascismo

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarquia

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismo

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealismo, idealização

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

confederação

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federação, união

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanático, entusiasta

a strong feeling of love and pride for one's country, often associated with thinking that country is also superior to any other

nacionalismo, patriotismo

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismo

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

fazer lobbying, influenciar políticos

being politically neutral, unbiased, and not supporting any particular party

não partidário, neutro

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

comício, manifestações

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopia