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Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL - Politics

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre politică, cum ar fi "electoral", "coaliție", "bilateral" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[substantiv]

the state of being a candidate in an election

candidatură, candidatură

candidatură, candidatură

Ex: She announced her candidacy for mayor. 
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electoral
electoral
[adjectiv]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral, referitor la alegeri

electoral, referitor la alegeri

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
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parliamentary
parliamentary
[adjectiv]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentar, referitor la parlament

parlamentar, referitor la parlament

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
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congressional
congressional
[adjectiv]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

congresual, al Congresului

congresual, al Congresului

Ex: Congressional hearings investigate issues and propose legislation. 
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electoral college
electoral college
[substantiv]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

colegiu electoral, adunarea electorilor

colegiu electoral, adunarea electorilor

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constituency
constituency
[substantiv]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

circumscripție electorală, electorat

circumscripție electorală, electorat

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
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absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[substantiv]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

vot prin corespondență, vot în absență

vot prin corespondență, vot în absență

Ex: She requested an absentee ballot while studying abroad. 
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chancellor
chancellor
[substantiv]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

cancelar, cancelar

cancelar, cancelar

Ex: The chancellor addressed the nation on economic policy. 
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activism
activism
[substantiv]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activism, luptă

activism, luptă

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
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coalition
coalition
[substantiv]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coaliție, alianță

coaliție, alianță

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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referendum
referendum
[substantiv]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referendum, consultare populară

referendum, consultare populară

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
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inauguration
inauguration
[substantiv]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurare

inaugurare

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
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bilateral
bilateral
[adjectiv]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
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capitol
capitol
[substantiv]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Capitoliu, clădirea Capitoliului

Capitoliu, clădirea Capitoliului

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apolitical
apolitical
[adjectiv]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitic, neinteresat de politică

apolitic, neinteresat de politică

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
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autonomy
autonomy
[substantiv]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomie

autonomie

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
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autonomous
autonomous
[adjectiv]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autonom, independent

autonom, independent

Ex: The region was granted autonomous status, allowing it to make its own political and economic decisions. 
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secularism
secularism
[substantiv]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

secularism, separarea bisericii de stat

secularism, separarea bisericii de stat

Ex: Secularism is a core principle in the country's constitution. 
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capitalism
capitalism
[substantiv]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalism, sistem capitalist

capitalism, sistem capitalist

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
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liberalism
liberalism
[substantiv]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalism, doctrina liberală

liberalism, doctrina liberală

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
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colonialism
colonialism
[substantiv]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialism, politică colonială

colonialism, politică colonială

Ex: The country's history is marked by centuries of colonialism. 
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isolationism
isolationism
[substantiv]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

izolaționism

izolaționism

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
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populism
populism
[substantiv]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populism, demagogie

populism, demagogie

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
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fascism
fascism
[substantiv]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascism

fascism

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 
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oligarchy
oligarchy
[substantiv]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarhie, guvernare de către un grup mic

oligarhie, guvernare de către un grup mic

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
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feudalism
feudalism
[substantiv]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalism, sistem feudal

feudalism, sistem feudal

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
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demagogue
demagogue
[substantiv]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, agitator

demagog, agitator

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
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confederation
confederation
[substantiv]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

confederație, alianță

confederație, alianță

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
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federation
federation
[substantiv]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federație, confederație

federație, confederație

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fanatic
fanatic
[substantiv]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatic, extremist

fanatic, extremist

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
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nationalism
nationalism
[substantiv]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

naționalism, patriotism

naționalism, patriotism

Ex: Nationalism increased in many European countries before World War I. 
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federalism
federalism
[substantiv]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalism

federalism

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
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imperialism
imperialism
[substantiv]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialism, colonialism

imperialism, colonialism

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
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to lobby
to lobby
[verb]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

a face lobby, a exercita presiuni

a face lobby, a exercita presiuni

Ex: The environmental group decided to lobby lawmakers for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
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nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[adjectiv]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

independent, apolitic

independent, apolitic

Ex: The committee is nonpartisan. 
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rally
rally
[substantiv]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

miting, adunare

miting, adunare

Ex: Thousands of people attended the rally to support the candidate's platform on healthcare reform. 
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utopia
utopia
[substantiv]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopie, paradis imaginar

utopie, paradis imaginar

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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