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Fejlett Szókincs a TOEFL-hez - Politika

Itt megtanulhat néhány angol szót a politikáról, például "választási", "koalíció", "kétoldalú" stb., amelyek szükségesek a TOEFL vizsgához.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[Főnév]

the state of being a candidate in an election

jelöltség, jelöltség

jelöltség, jelöltség

Ex: She announced her candidacy for mayor. 
electoral
electoral
[melléknév]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

választási, választással kapcsolatos

választási, választással kapcsolatos

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
parliamentary
parliamentary
[melléknév]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentáris, a parlamenthez kapcsolódó

parlamentáris, a parlamenthez kapcsolódó

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
congressional
congressional
[melléknév]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

kongresszusi, a Kongresszushoz kapcsolódó

kongresszusi, a Kongresszushoz kapcsolódó

Ex: Congressional hearings investigate issues and propose legislation. 
electoral college

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

választó testület, elektori kollégium

választó testület, elektori kollégium

constituency
constituency
[Főnév]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

választókerület, választópolgárok

választókerület, választópolgárok

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
absentee ballot

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

levélszavazás, távollevő szavazás

levélszavazás, távollevő szavazás

Ex: She requested an absentee ballot while studying abroad. 
chancellor
chancellor
[Főnév]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

kancellár, kancellár

kancellár, kancellár

Ex: The chancellor addressed the nation on economic policy. 
activism
activism
[Főnév]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivizmus, küzdelem

aktivizmus, küzdelem

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
coalition
coalition
[Főnév]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalíció, szövetség

koalíció, szövetség

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
referendum
referendum
[Főnév]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

népszavazás, referendum

népszavazás, referendum

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Főnév]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

beiktatás

beiktatás

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
bilateral
bilateral
[melléknév]

concerning two groups or countries

kétoldalú

kétoldalú

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
capitol
capitol
[Főnév]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Kapitolium, Kapitolium épülete

Kapitolium, Kapitolium épülete

apolitical
apolitical
[melléknév]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitikus, nem érdeklődik a politika iránt

apolitikus, nem érdeklődik a politika iránt

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
autonomy
autonomy
[Főnév]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonómia

autonómia

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
autonomous
autonomous
[melléknév]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autonóm, független

autonóm, független

Ex: The region was granted autonomous status, allowing it to make its own political and economic decisions. 
secularism
secularism
[Főnév]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

szekularizmus, vallás és állam szétválasztása

szekularizmus, vallás és állam szétválasztása

Ex: Secularism is a core principle in the country's constitution. 
capitalism
capitalism
[Főnév]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalizmus, kapitalista rendszer

kapitalizmus, kapitalista rendszer

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
liberalism
liberalism
[Főnév]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalizmus, a liberális tan

liberalizmus, a liberális tan

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
colonialism
colonialism
[Főnév]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

kolonializmus, gyarmati politika

kolonializmus, gyarmati politika

Ex: The country's history is marked by centuries of colonialism. 
isolationism
isolationism
[Főnév]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

izolacionizmus

izolacionizmus

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
populism
populism
[Főnév]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populizmus, demagógia

populizmus, demagógia

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
fascism
fascism
[Főnév]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fasizmus

fasizmus

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 
oligarchy
oligarchy
[Főnév]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchia, egy kis csoport uralma

oligarchia, egy kis csoport uralma

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
feudalism
feudalism
[Főnév]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalizmus, hűbériség

feudalizmus, hűbériség

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
idealism
idealism
[Főnév]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealizmus

idealizmus

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Főnév]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagóg, agitátor

demagóg, agitátor

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
confederation
confederation
[Főnév]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

konföderáció, szövetség

konföderáció, szövetség

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
federation
federation
[Főnév]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federáció, konföderáció

federáció, konföderáció

fanatic
fanatic
[Főnév]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatikus, szélsőséges

fanatikus, szélsőséges

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
nationalism
nationalism
[Főnév]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

nacionalizmus, patriotizmus

nacionalizmus, patriotizmus

Ex: Nationalism increased in many European countries before World War I. 
federalism
federalism
[Főnév]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalizmus

federalizmus

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
imperialism
imperialism
[Főnév]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperializmus, kolonializmus

imperializmus, kolonializmus

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
to lobby

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbizik, nyomást gyakorol

lobbizik, nyomást gyakorol

Ex: The environmental group decided to lobby lawmakers for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[melléknév]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

független, pártatlan

független, pártatlan

Ex: The committee is nonpartisan. 
rally
rally
[Főnév]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

gyűlés, tüntetés

gyűlés, tüntetés

Ex: Thousands of people attended the rally to support the candidate's platform on healthcare reform. 
utopia
utopia
[Főnév]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utópia, képzeletbeli paradicsom

utópia, képzeletbeli paradicsom

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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