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Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Politics

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om politik, såsom "val-", "koalition", "bilateral", etc., som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
[Substantiv]

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

kandidatur

kandidatur

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electoral
[adjektiv]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

val-, valrelaterad

val-, valrelaterad

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .Valdeltagandet i det senaste valet var högre än väntat, vilket indikerar en ökad medborgerlig engagemang.
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parliamentary
[adjektiv]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentarisk, som rör parlamentet

parlamentarisk, som rör parlamentet

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government .Den **parlamentariska** sessionen börjar med stats- eller regeringschefens öppningstal.
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congressional
[adjektiv]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

kongress-, som rör kongressen

kongress-, som rör kongressen

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .Den **kongress**budgetprocessen bestämmer de federala utgifternas prioriteringar.
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electoral college
[Substantiv]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

elektorskollegium, valmanskollegium

elektorskollegium, valmanskollegium

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constituency
[Substantiv]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

valkrets, väljarkår

valkrets, väljarkår

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .En undersökning genomfördes för att mäta **valkretsens** åsikt om den nya skattereformen.
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absentee ballot
[Substantiv]

a ballot filled out and mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is not able to attend the polls

poströstning, frånvaroröst

poströstning, frånvaroröst

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chancellor
[Substantiv]

the head of state in some countries, like Germany

kansler

kansler

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activism
[Substantiv]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivism, kamp

aktivism, kamp

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Hon har varit engagerad i **aktivism** sedan tonåren och förespråkar jämställdhet och kvinnors rättigheter.
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coalition
[Substantiv]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalition, allians

koalition, allians

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .Facket bildade en **koalition** med studentorganisationer för att förespråka bättre arbetsvillkor och överkomlig utbildning.
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referendum
[Substantiv]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

folkomröstning

folkomröstning

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inauguration
[Substantiv]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

installation

installation

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .**Installations**festligheterna inkluderade parader, konserter och fyrverkerier för att fira den nya administrationen.
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bilateral
[adjektiv]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .En **bilateral** överenskommelse nåddes om miljöskydd.
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capitol
[Substantiv]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Kapitolium, Kapitoliebyggnaden

Kapitolium, Kapitoliebyggnaden

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apolitical
[adjektiv]

having no interest or involvement in politics

opolitisk, inte intresserad av politik

opolitisk, inte intresserad av politik

Ex: The community center served as an apolitical space , welcoming everyone regardless of their political beliefs to engage in recreational activities .Gemenskapscentret fungerade som en **opolitisk** plats, välkomnande alla oavsett deras politiska övertygelser att delta i rekreationsaktiviteter.
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autonomy
[Substantiv]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomi

autonomi

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .Efter att ha fått **autonomi** upprättade landet sina egna lagar och styrelseformer.
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autonomous
[adjektiv]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autonom, oberoende

autonom, oberoende

Ex: The organization functions as an autonomous body , with its own executive board and administrative processes .Organisationen fungerar som en **autonom** enhet, med sitt eget verkställande styrelse och administrativa processer.
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secularism
[Substantiv]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

sekularism, skiljande av religion och stat

sekularism, skiljande av religion och stat

Ex: The rise of secularism has led to more inclusive laws that respect all beliefs .
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capitalism
[Substantiv]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalism, kapitalistiskt system

kapitalism, kapitalistiskt system

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .Kollapsen av de socialistiska regimerna i Östeuropa markerade en förskjutning mot **kapitalism** i dessa länder.
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liberalism
[Substantiv]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalism, den liberala läran

liberalism, den liberala läran

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Kritiker hävdar att **liberalism** ibland kan förbise behoven hos marginaliserade grupper, men dess förespråkare tror att personlig frihet och demokratiska institutioner i slutändan gynnar alla.
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colonialism
[Substantiv]

the practice of gaining total or partial political control over another country, exploiting its resources, and occupying it with settlers

kolonialism

kolonialism

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isolationism
[Substantiv]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolationism

isolationism

Ex: The government 's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability .Regeringens skifte mot **isolationism** sågs som ett svar på global instabilitet.
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populism
[Substantiv]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populism, demagogi

populism, demagogi

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures .Uppkomsten av **populism** de senaste åren har tillskrivits den utbredda missnöjet med traditionella politiska partier och globaliseringens inverkan på lokala ekonomier och kulturer.
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fascism
[Substantiv]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascism

fascism

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .Motståndsrörelsen kämpade tappert mot spridningen av **fascism** under andra världskriget.
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oligarchy
[Substantiv]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarki, styre av en liten grupp

oligarki, styre av en liten grupp

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism , as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population .Uppkomsten av **oligarki** leder ofta till korruption och nepotism, eftersom de styrande eliterna prioriterar sina egna intressen framför de bredare befolkningens.
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feudalism
[Substantiv]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feodalism, feodalt system

feodalism, feodalt system

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .Begreppet **feodalism** formade de politiska och ekonomiska systemen i medeltida kungadömen.
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idealism
[Substantiv]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealism

idealism

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .Läraren uppmuntrade **idealism**, och bad eleverna att föreställa sig en perfekt framtid.
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demagogue
[Substantiv]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, agitator

demagog, agitator

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people .Demokratin är sårbar för inflytande från **demagoger** som prioriterar sin egen makt framför folkets välbefinnande.
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confederation
[Substantiv]

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

konfederation, allians

konfederation, allians

Ex: The confederation model allows for cooperation and coordination among member states while preserving their autonomy and identity .**Konfederationsmodellen** möjliggör samarbete och samordning mellan medlemsstater samtidigt som deras autonomi och identitet bevaras.
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federation
[Substantiv]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federation, konfederation

federation, konfederation

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fanatic
[Substantiv]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatiker, extremist

fanatiker, extremist

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .Gruppen leddes av en **fanatiker** som trodde starkt på sin radikala ideologi.
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nationalism
[Substantiv]

a strong feeling of love and pride for one's country, often associated with thinking that country is also superior to any other

nationalism

nationalism

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federalism
[Substantiv]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalism

federalism

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Principerna för **federalism** utformades för att skydda suveräniteten hos enskilda stater samtidigt som en enad nationell regering upprätthålls.
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imperialism
[Substantiv]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialism, kolonialism

imperialism, kolonialism

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories .Under **imperialismens** era tävlade stora makter ofta om kontroll över territorier.
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to lobby
[Verb]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbya, utöva påtryckningar

lobbya, utöva påtryckningar

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .Läkemedelsindustrin har **lobbat** lagstiftare för snabbare godkännandeprocesser för läkemedel.
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nonpartisan
[adjektiv]

being politically neutral, unbiased, and not supporting any particular party

opartisk, partilös

opartisk, partilös

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rally
[Substantiv]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

möte, rally

möte, rally

Ex: He was arrested during the rally for protesting against government policies he viewed as unfair .Han arresterades under **demonstrationen** för att ha protesterat mot regeringens politik som han ansåg orättvis.
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utopia
[Substantiv]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopi, imaginärt paradis

utopi, imaginärt paradis

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .Många människor hoppas på en **utopi** men finner det svårt att uppnå i verkligheten.
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