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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Política

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la política, como "electoral", "coalition", "bilateral", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[Sustantivo]

the state of being a candidate in an election

candidatura

candidatura

Ex: The party officially confirmed her candidacy last week. 

El partido confirmó oficialmente su candidatura la semana pasada.

electoral
electoral
[Adjetivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral

electoral

Ex: Electoral reforms aim to improve the fairness and transparency of the voting process. 
parliamentary
parliamentary
[Adjetivo]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentario

parlamentario

Ex: The parliamentary elections determine the composition of the legislature and, indirectly, the executive branch. 

Las elecciones parlamentarias determinan la composición de la legislatura y, indirectamente, del poder ejecutivo.

congressional
congressional
[Adjetivo]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

del congreso, legislativo

del congreso, legislativo

Ex: Congressional representatives are elected to serve in the House of Representatives and the Senate. 
electoral college
electoral college
[Sustantivo]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

colegio electoral

colegio electoral

constituency
constituency
[Sustantivo]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

electorado

electorado

Ex: The candidate spent several weeks speaking with voters across the constituency. 
absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[Sustantivo]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

voto en ausencia

voto en ausencia

Ex: The election office mailed absentee ballots to registered voters. 

La oficina electoral envió por correo boletas electorales por correo a los votantes registrados.

chancellor
chancellor
[Sustantivo]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

canciller

canciller

Ex: The chancellor announced new healthcare reforms. 
activism
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: Social media has become a powerful tool for activism, allowing campaigns to reach a global audience. 

Las redes sociales se han convertido en una herramienta poderosa para el activismo, permitiendo que las campañas lleguen a una audiencia global.

coalition
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

coalición

coalición

Ex: The coalition included organizations with different priorities. 
referendum
referendum
[Sustantivo]

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

referéndum

referéndum

Ex: The region held a referendum on greater political autonomy. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Sustantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

investidura

investidura

Ex: The inauguration marks the beginning of a new era, with promises of change and progress. 

La inauguración marca el comienzo de una nueva era, con promesas de cambio y progreso.

bilateral
bilateral
[Adjetivo]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: The bilateral talks focused on improving diplomatic relations. 

Las conversaciones bilaterales se centraron en mejorar las relaciones diplomáticas.

capitol
capitol
[Sustantivo]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

capitolio

capitolio

apolitical
apolitical
[Adjetivo]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolítico

apolítico

Ex: The art gallery aimed to be an apolitical space, encouraging visitors to appreciate artistic expression without bringing political views into the conversation. 

La galería de arte pretendía ser un espacio apolítico, animando a los visitantes a apreciar la expresión artística sin introducir puntos de vista políticos en la conversación.

autonomy
autonomy
[Sustantivo]

the freedom of a country, region, or organization to govern itself independently

autonomía

autonomía

Ex: The agreement gave the province a limited degree of autonomy. 
autonomous
autonomous
[Adjetivo]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autónomo

autónomo

Ex: As an autonomous community, the island has its own laws and regulations separate from the mainland. 

Como comunidad autónoma, la isla tiene sus propias leyes y regulaciones separadas del continente.

secularism
secularism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

laicismo

laicismo

Ex: The policy of secularism ensures that government decisions are free from religious bias. 

La política de laicismo garantiza que las decisiones gubernamentales estén libres de sesgo religioso.

capitalism
capitalism
[Sustantivo]

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: The book examines different forms of capitalism around the world. 
liberalism
liberalism
[Sustantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Advocates of liberalism often push for gradual social reforms to address inequalities and enhance the welfare of all citizens. 

Los defensores del liberalismo a menudo abogan por reformas sociales graduales para abordar las desigualdades y mejorar el bienestar de todos los ciudadanos.

colonialism
colonialism
[Sustantivo]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialismo

colonialismo

Ex: Many countries gained independence after the end of colonialism. 

Muchos países obtuvieron su independencia después del fin del colonialismo.

isolationism
isolationism
[Sustantivo]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

aislacionismo

aislacionismo

Ex: Isolationism became a prominent stance in the political debate during the election. 

El aislacionismo se convirtió en una postura destacada en el debate político durante las elecciones.

populism
populism
[Sustantivo]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo

populismo

Ex: Populism can manifest in both left-wing and right-wing forms, with left-wing populists typically focusing on economic inequality and social justice, while right-wing populists often emphasize nationalism and immigration control. 

El populismo puede manifestarse tanto en formas de izquierda como de derecha, con los populistas de izquierda generalmente enfocados en la desigualdad económica y la justicia social, mientras que los populistas de derecha a menudo enfatizan el nacionalismo y el control de la inmigración.

fascism
fascism
[Sustantivo]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascismo

fascismo

Ex: Many historians study the factors that contributed to the spread of fascism in Italy and Germany. 

Muchos historiadores estudian los factores que contribuyeron a la propagación del fascismo en Italia y Alemania.

oligarchy
oligarchy
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarquía

oligarquía

Ex: Critics argue that oligarchy undermines democratic principles by limiting political participation and perpetuating inequality. 

Los críticos argumentan que la oligarquía socava los principios democráticos al limitar la participación política y perpetuar la desigualdad.

feudalism
feudalism
[Sustantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismo

feudalismo

Ex: Historians often study feudalism to understand the power dynamics of medieval Europe. 

Los historiadores a menudo estudian el feudalismo para comprender las dinámicas de poder de la Europa medieval.

idealism
idealism
[Sustantivo]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealismo

idealismo

Ex: Her idealism inspired many to strive for a better world. 

Su idealismo inspiró a muchos a luchar por un mundo mejor.

demagogue
demagogue
[Sustantivo]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo

demagogo

Ex: The demagogue's rhetoric was divisive and inflammatory, leading to increased polarization within society. 

La retórica del demagogo fue divisiva e inflamatoria, lo que llevó a una mayor polarización dentro de la sociedad.

confederation
confederation
[Sustantivo]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

confederación

confederación

Ex: The trade confederation regulated commerce between member cities. 

La confederación comercial regulaba el comercio entre las ciudades miembros.

federation
federation
[Sustantivo]

the act or process of joining separate organizations, regions, or other bodies to form a larger federation

federación

federación

Ex: The federation of the clubs took place after months of negotiation. 
fanatic
fanatic
[Sustantivo]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanático

fanático

Ex: The political fanatic organized rallies to support his extreme views. 

El fanático político organizó mítines para apoyar sus puntos de vista extremos.

nationalism
nationalism
[Sustantivo]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

nacionalismo

nacionalismo

Ex: Nationalism played a major role in independence movements. 
federalism
federalism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: Debates over federalism often center on the appropriate level of state versus federal control in various policy areas. 

Los debates sobre el federalismo a menudo se centran en el nivel adecuado de control estatal versus el control federal en diversas áreas políticas.

imperialism
imperialism
[Sustantivo]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismo

imperialismo

Ex: The country's aggressive policies were criticized as a form of modern-day imperialism. 

Las políticas agresivas del país fueron criticadas como una forma de imperialismo moderno.

to lobby
to lobby
[Verbo]

to try to persuade politicians or officials to support or oppose a particular policy, law, or action

ejercer presión, presionar

ejercer presión, presionar

Ex: Several companies lobbied against the proposed tax changes. 
nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[Adjetivo]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

imparcial

imparcial

Ex: The report was written in a nonpartisan way. 

El informe fue redactado de manera no partidista.

rally
rally
[Sustantivo]

a large public gathering held to show support for a cause, opinion, or group

concentración

concentración

Ex: Speakers addressed the crowd at the public rally. 
utopia
utopia
[Sustantivo]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopía

utopía

Ex: In his speech, he talked about building a utopia of peace and equality. 

En su discurso, habló de construir una utopía de paz e igualdad.

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