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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Política

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la política, como "electoral", "coalition", "bilateral", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[Sustantivo]

the state of being a candidate in an election

candidatura

candidatura

Ex: She announced her candidacy for mayor. 
electoral
electoral
[Adjetivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral

electoral

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
parliamentary
parliamentary
[Adjetivo]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentario

parlamentario

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
congressional
congressional
[Adjetivo]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

del congreso, legislativo

del congreso, legislativo

Ex: Congressional hearings investigate issues and propose legislation. 
electoral college
electoral college
[Sustantivo]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

colegio electoral

colegio electoral

constituency
constituency
[Sustantivo]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

electorado

electorado

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[Sustantivo]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

voto en ausencia

voto en ausencia

Ex: She requested an absentee ballot while studying abroad. 
chancellor
chancellor
[Sustantivo]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

canciller

canciller

Ex: The chancellor addressed the nation on economic policy. 
activism
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
coalition
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
referendum
referendum
[Sustantivo]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referéndum

referéndum

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Sustantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

investidura

investidura

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
bilateral
bilateral
[Adjetivo]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
capitol
capitol
[Sustantivo]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

capitolio

capitolio

apolitical
apolitical
[Adjetivo]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolítico

apolítico

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
autonomy
autonomy
[Sustantivo]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomía

autonomía

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
autonomous
autonomous
[Adjetivo]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autónomo

autónomo

Ex: The region was granted autonomous status, allowing it to make its own political and economic decisions. 
secularism
secularism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

laicismo

laicismo

Ex: Secularism is a core principle in the country's constitution. 
capitalism
capitalism
[Sustantivo]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
liberalism
liberalism
[Sustantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
colonialism
colonialism
[Sustantivo]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialismo

colonialismo

Ex: The country's history is marked by centuries of colonialism. 
isolationism
isolationism
[Sustantivo]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

aislacionismo

aislacionismo

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
populism
populism
[Sustantivo]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo

populismo

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
fascism
fascism
[Sustantivo]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascismo

fascismo

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 
oligarchy
oligarchy
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarquía

oligarquía

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
feudalism
feudalism
[Sustantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismo

feudalismo

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
idealism
idealism
[Sustantivo]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealismo

idealismo

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Sustantivo]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo

demagogo

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
confederation
confederation
[Sustantivo]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

confederación

confederación

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
federation
federation
[Sustantivo]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federación

federación

fanatic
fanatic
[Sustantivo]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanático

fanático

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
nationalism
nationalism
[Sustantivo]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

nacionalismo

nacionalismo

Ex: Nationalism increased in many European countries before World War I. 
federalism
federalism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
imperialism
imperialism
[Sustantivo]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismo

imperialismo

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
to lobby
to lobby
[Verbo]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

ejercer presión, presionar

ejercer presión, presionar

Ex: The environmental group decided to lobby lawmakers for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[Adjetivo]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

imparcial

imparcial

Ex: The committee is nonpartisan. 
rally
rally
[Sustantivo]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

concentración

concentración

Ex: Thousands of people attended the rally to support the candidate's platform on healthcare reform. 
utopia
utopia
[Sustantivo]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopía

utopía

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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