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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Política

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la política, como "electoral", "coalition", "bilateral", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[Sustantivo]

the state of being a candidate in an election

candidatura

candidatura

Ex: The party officially confirmed her candidacy last week. 

El partido confirmó oficialmente su candidatura la semana pasada.

electoral
electoral
[Adjetivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

electoral

electoral

Ex: Electoral reforms aim to improve the fairness and transparency of the voting process. 

Las reformas electorales tienen como objetivo mejorar la equidad y la transparencia del proceso de votación.

parliamentary
parliamentary
[Adjetivo]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentario

parlamentario

Ex: The parliamentary elections determine the composition of the legislature and, indirectly, the executive branch. 

Las elecciones parlamentarias determinan la composición de la legislatura y, indirectamente, del poder ejecutivo.

congressional
congressional
[Adjetivo]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

del congreso, legislativo

del congreso, legislativo

Ex: Congressional representatives are elected to serve in the House of Representatives and the Senate. 

Los representantes congresionales son elegidos para servir en la Cámara de Representantes y en el Senado.

electoral college
electoral college
[Sustantivo]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

colegio electoral

colegio electoral

constituency
constituency
[Sustantivo]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

electorado

electorado

Ex: She was reelected due to her strong connection with her constituency. 

Fue reelegida debido a su fuerte conexión con su circunscripción.

absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[Sustantivo]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

voto en ausencia

voto en ausencia

Ex: The election office mailed absentee ballots to registered voters. 

La oficina electoral envió por correo boletas electorales por correo a los votantes registrados.

chancellor
chancellor
[Sustantivo]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

canciller

canciller

Ex: The chancellor announced new healthcare reforms. 

El canciller anunció nuevas reformas sanitarias.

activism
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: Social media has become a powerful tool for activism, allowing campaigns to reach a global audience. 

Las redes sociales se han convertido en una herramienta poderosa para el activismo, permitiendo que las campañas lleguen a una audiencia global.

coalition
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The opposition parties formed a coalition to challenge the ruling party in the upcoming elections. 

Los partidos de la oposición formaron una coalición para desafiar al partido gobernante en las próximas elecciones.

referendum
referendum
[Sustantivo]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referéndum

referéndum

Ex: Citizens will take part in a referendum next month. 

Los ciudadanos participarán en un referéndum el próximo mes.

inauguration
inauguration
[Sustantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

investidura

investidura

Ex: The inauguration marks the beginning of a new era, with promises of change and progress. 

La inauguración marca el comienzo de una nueva era, con promesas de cambio y progreso.

bilateral
bilateral
[Adjetivo]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: The bilateral talks focused on improving diplomatic relations. 

Las conversaciones bilaterales se centraron en mejorar las relaciones diplomáticas.

capitol
capitol
[Sustantivo]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

capitolio

capitolio

apolitical
apolitical
[Adjetivo]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolítico

apolítico

Ex: The art gallery aimed to be an apolitical space, encouraging visitors to appreciate artistic expression without bringing political views into the conversation. 

La galería de arte pretendía ser un espacio apolítico, animando a los visitantes a apreciar la expresión artística sin introducir puntos de vista políticos en la conversación.

autonomy
autonomy
[Sustantivo]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomía

autonomía

Ex: Many people believe that granting autonomy to the province would lead to greater stability. 

Mucha gente cree que otorgar autonomía a la provincia conduciría a una mayor estabilidad.

autonomous
autonomous
[Adjetivo]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autónomo

autónomo

Ex: As an autonomous community, the island has its own laws and regulations separate from the mainland. 

Como comunidad autónoma, la isla tiene sus propias leyes y regulaciones separadas del continente.

secularism
secularism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

laicismo

laicismo

Ex: The policy of secularism ensures that government decisions are free from religious bias. 

La política de laicismo garantiza que las decisiones gubernamentales estén libres de sesgo religioso.

capitalism
capitalism
[Sustantivo]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: Critics of capitalism argue that it leads to income inequality and exploitation of labor. 

Los críticos del capitalismo argumentan que conduce a la desigualdad de ingresos y a la explotación laboral.

liberalism
liberalism
[Sustantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Advocates of liberalism often push for gradual social reforms to address inequalities and enhance the welfare of all citizens. 

Los defensores del liberalismo a menudo abogan por reformas sociales graduales para abordar las desigualdades y mejorar el bienestar de todos los ciudadanos.

colonialism
colonialism
[Sustantivo]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialismo

colonialismo

Ex: Many countries gained independence after the end of colonialism. 

Muchos países obtuvieron su independencia después del fin del colonialismo.

isolationism
isolationism
[Sustantivo]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

aislacionismo

aislacionismo

Ex: Isolationism became a prominent stance in the political debate during the election. 

El aislacionismo se convirtió en una postura destacada en el debate político durante las elecciones.

populism
populism
[Sustantivo]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo

populismo

Ex: Populism can manifest in both left-wing and right-wing forms, with left-wing populists typically focusing on economic inequality and social justice, while right-wing populists often emphasize nationalism and immigration control. 

El populismo puede manifestarse tanto en formas de izquierda como de derecha, con los populistas de izquierda generalmente enfocados en la desigualdad económica y la justicia social, mientras que los populistas de derecha a menudo enfatizan el nacionalismo y el control de la inmigración.

fascism
fascism
[Sustantivo]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascismo

fascismo

Ex: Many historians study the factors that contributed to the spread of fascism in Italy and Germany. 

Muchos historiadores estudian los factores que contribuyeron a la propagación del fascismo en Italia y Alemania.

oligarchy
oligarchy
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarquía

oligarquía

Ex: Critics argue that oligarchy undermines democratic principles by limiting political participation and perpetuating inequality. 

Los críticos argumentan que la oligarquía socava los principios democráticos al limitar la participación política y perpetuar la desigualdad.

feudalism
feudalism
[Sustantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismo

feudalismo

Ex: Historians often study feudalism to understand the power dynamics of medieval Europe. 

Los historiadores a menudo estudian el feudalismo para comprender las dinámicas de poder de la Europa medieval.

idealism
idealism
[Sustantivo]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealismo

idealismo

Ex: Her idealism inspired many to strive for a better world. 

Su idealismo inspiró a muchos a luchar por un mundo mejor.

demagogue
demagogue
[Sustantivo]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo

demagogo

Ex: The demagogue's rhetoric was divisive and inflammatory, leading to increased polarization within society. 

La retórica del demagogo fue divisiva e inflamatoria, lo que llevó a una mayor polarización dentro de la sociedad.

confederation
confederation
[Sustantivo]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

confederación

confederación

Ex: The trade confederation regulated commerce between member cities. 

La confederación comercial regulaba el comercio entre las ciudades miembros.

federation
federation
[Sustantivo]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federación

federación

fanatic
fanatic
[Sustantivo]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanático

fanático

Ex: The political fanatic organized rallies to support his extreme views. 

El fanático político organizó mítines para apoyar sus puntos de vista extremos.

nationalism
nationalism
[Sustantivo]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

nacionalismo

nacionalismo

Ex: Nationalism played a major role in independence movements. 

Nacionalismo desempeñó un papel importante en los movimientos de independencia.

federalism
federalism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: Debates over federalism often center on the appropriate level of state versus federal control in various policy areas. 

Los debates sobre el federalismo a menudo se centran en el nivel adecuado de control estatal versus el control federal en diversas áreas políticas.

imperialism
imperialism
[Sustantivo]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismo

imperialismo

Ex: The country's aggressive policies were criticized as a form of modern-day imperialism. 

Las políticas agresivas del país fueron criticadas como una forma de imperialismo moderno.

to lobby
to lobby
[Verbo]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

ejercer presión, presionar

ejercer presión, presionar

Ex: Advocacy groups regularly lobby for changes in healthcare legislation to better serve the public. 

Los grupos de defensa presionan regularmente para lograr cambios en la legislación sanitaria para servir mejor al público.

nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[Adjetivo]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

imparcial

imparcial

Ex: The report was written in a nonpartisan way. 

El informe fue redactado de manera no partidista.

rally
rally
[Sustantivo]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

concentración

concentración

Ex: She gave an inspiring speech at the rally, encouraging people to vote in the upcoming election. 

Ella dio un discurso inspirador en el mitin, animando a la gente a votar en las próximas elecciones.

utopia
utopia
[Sustantivo]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopía

utopía

Ex: In his speech, he talked about building a utopia of peace and equality. 

En su discurso, habló de construir una utopía de paz e igualdad.

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