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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Politics

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o politice, jako jsou "volební", "koalice", "bilaterální" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being a candidate in an election

kandidatura, kandidatura

kandidatura, kandidatura

Ex: She announced her candidacy for mayor. 
electoral
electoral
[Přídavné jméno]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

volební, elektorální

volební, elektorální

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
parliamentary
parliamentary
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentní, vztahující se k parlamentu

parlamentní, vztahující se k parlamentu

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
congressional
congressional
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

kongresový, vztahující se ke Kongresu

kongresový, vztahující se ke Kongresu

Ex: Congressional hearings investigate issues and propose legislation. 
electoral college
electoral college
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

volební kolegium, sbor volitelů

volební kolegium, sbor volitelů

constituency
constituency
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

volební obvod, voličstvo

volební obvod, voličstvo

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[Podstatné jméno]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

hlasování poštou, hlasování v nepřítomnosti

hlasování poštou, hlasování v nepřítomnosti

Ex: She requested an absentee ballot while studying abroad. 
chancellor
chancellor
[Podstatné jméno]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

kancléř, kancléř

kancléř, kancléř

Ex: The chancellor addressed the nation on economic policy. 
activism
activism
[Podstatné jméno]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivismus, boj

aktivismus, boj

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
coalition
coalition
[Podstatné jméno]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalice, aliance

koalice, aliance

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
referendum
referendum
[Podstatné jméno]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referendum, lidové hlasování

referendum, lidové hlasování

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurace

inaugurace

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
bilateral
bilateral
[Přídavné jméno]

concerning two groups or countries

bilaterální

bilaterální

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
capitol
capitol
[Podstatné jméno]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Kapitol, budova Kapitolu

Kapitol, budova Kapitolu

apolitical
apolitical
[Přídavné jméno]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitický, nezajímající se o politiku

apolitický, nezajímající se o politiku

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
autonomy
autonomy
[Podstatné jméno]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

autonomie

autonomie

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
autonomous
autonomous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autonomní, nezávislý

autonomní, nezávislý

Ex: The region was granted autonomous status, allowing it to make its own political and economic decisions. 
secularism
secularism
[Podstatné jméno]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

sekularismus, odluka církve od státu

sekularismus, odluka církve od státu

Ex: Secularism is a core principle in the country's constitution. 
capitalism
capitalism
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalismus, kapitalistický systém

kapitalismus, kapitalistický systém

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
liberalism
liberalism
[Podstatné jméno]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismus, liberální doktrína

liberalismus, liberální doktrína

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
colonialism
colonialism
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

kolonialismus, koloniální politika

kolonialismus, koloniální politika

Ex: The country's history is marked by centuries of colonialism. 
isolationism
isolationism
[Podstatné jméno]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

izolacionismus

izolacionismus

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
populism
populism
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismus, demagogie

populismus, demagogie

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
fascism
fascism
[Podstatné jméno]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fašismus

fašismus

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 
oligarchy
oligarchy
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchie, vláda malé skupiny

oligarchie, vláda malé skupiny

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
feudalism
feudalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismus, lenní systém

feudalismus, lenní systém

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, agitátor

demagog, agitátor

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
confederation
confederation
[Podstatné jméno]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

konfederace, spolek

konfederace, spolek

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
federation
federation
[Podstatné jméno]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

federace, konfederace

federace, konfederace

fanatic
fanatic
[Podstatné jméno]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatik, extremista

fanatik, extremista

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
nationalism
nationalism
[Podstatné jméno]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

nacionalismus, patriotismus

nacionalismus, patriotismus

Ex: Nationalism increased in many European countries before World War I. 
federalism
federalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismus

federalismus

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
imperialism
imperialism
[Podstatné jméno]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismus, kolonialismus

imperialismus, kolonialismus

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
to lobby
to lobby
[sloveso]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbovat, vyvíjet tlak

lobbovat, vyvíjet tlak

Ex: The environmental group decided to lobby lawmakers for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[Přídavné jméno]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

nezávislý, nestranický

nezávislý, nestranický

Ex: The committee is nonpartisan. 
rally
rally
[Podstatné jméno]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

shromáždění, rallye

shromáždění, rallye

Ex: Thousands of people attended the rally to support the candidate's platform on healthcare reform. 
utopia
utopia
[Podstatné jméno]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopie, imaginární ráj

utopie, imaginární ráj

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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