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Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Политика

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о политике, такие как "избирательный", "коалиция", "двусторонний" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[существительное]

the state of being a candidate in an election

кандидатура

кандидатура

Ex: She announced her candidacy for mayor. 
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electoral
electoral
[прилагательное]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

избирательный

избирательный

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
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parliamentary
parliamentary
[прилагательное]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

парламентский

парламентский

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
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congressional
congressional
[прилагательное]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

конгрессменский

конгрессменский

Ex: Congressional hearings investigate issues and propose legislation. 
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electoral college
electoral college
[существительное]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

коллегия выборщиков

коллегия выборщиков

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constituency
constituency
[существительное]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

избиратели округа

избиратели округа

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
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absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[существительное]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

заочное голосование

заочное голосование

Ex: She requested an absentee ballot while studying abroad. 
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chancellor
chancellor
[существительное]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

канцлер

канцлер

Ex: The chancellor addressed the nation on economic policy. 
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activism
activism
[существительное]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

активизм

активизм

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
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coalition
coalition
[существительное]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

коалиция

коалиция

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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referendum
referendum
[существительное]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

референдум, народное голосование

референдум, народное голосование

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
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inauguration
inauguration
[существительное]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

инаугурация, вступление в должность

инаугурация, вступление в должность

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
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bilateral
bilateral
[прилагательное]

concerning two groups or countries

двусторонний

двусторонний

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
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capitol
capitol
[существительное]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Капитолий

Капитолий

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apolitical
apolitical
[прилагательное]

having no interest or involvement in politics

неполитический

неполитический

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
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autonomy
autonomy
[существительное]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

автономия, самостоятельность

автономия, самостоятельность

Ex: The region fought for years to achieve autonomy from the central government. 
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autonomous
autonomous
[прилагательное]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

автономный

автономный

Ex: The region was granted autonomous status, allowing it to make its own political and economic decisions. 
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secularism
secularism
[существительное]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

секуляризм, светскость

секуляризм, светскость

Ex: Secularism is a core principle in the country's constitution. 
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capitalism
capitalism
[существительное]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

капитализм

капитализм

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
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liberalism
liberalism
[существительное]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

либерализм

либерализм

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
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colonialism
colonialism
[существительное]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

колониализм

колониализм

Ex: The country's history is marked by centuries of colonialism. 
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isolationism
isolationism
[существительное]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

изоляционизм

изоляционизм

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
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populism
populism
[существительное]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

популизм, народничество

популизм, народничество

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
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fascism
fascism
[существительное]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

фашизм

фашизм

Ex: Fascism rose to prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, leading to the establishment of totalitarian regimes. 
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oligarchy
oligarchy
[существительное]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

олигархия

олигархия

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
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feudalism
feudalism
[существительное]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

феодализм

феодализм

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
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idealism
idealism
[существительное]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

идеализм

идеализм

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
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demagogue
demagogue
[существительное]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

демагог

демагог

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
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confederation
confederation
[существительное]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

конфедерация

конфедерация

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
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federation
federation
[существительное]

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

федерация

федерация

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fanatic
fanatic
[существительное]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

фанатик

фанатик

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
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nationalism
nationalism
[существительное]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

национализм

национализм

Ex: Nationalism increased in many European countries before World War I. 
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federalism
federalism
[существительное]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

федерализм

федерализм

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
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imperialism
imperialism
[существительное]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

империализм

империализм

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
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to lobby
to lobby
[глагол]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

лоббировать, склонять на свою сторону

лоббировать, склонять на свою сторону

Ex: The environmental group decided to lobby lawmakers for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
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nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[прилагательное]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

беспартийный

беспартийный

Ex: The committee is nonpartisan. 
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rally
rally
[существительное]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

митинг

митинг

Ex: Thousands of people attended the rally to support the candidate's platform on healthcare reform. 
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utopia
utopia
[существительное]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

утопия

утопия

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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