واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - Politics

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

کاندیداتوری, نامزدی

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

انتخاباتی

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

پارلمانی

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

مربوط به کنگره

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

الکترال کالج, مجمع گزینندگان

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

رأی‌دهندگان

a ballot filled out and mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is not able to attend the polls

رأی غیابی

the head of state in some countries, like Germany

صدراعظم

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

کنشگری, اکتیویسم

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

ائتلاف (سیاست)

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

رفراندوم

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

مراسم تحلیف

concerning two groups or countries

متقابل, دوطرفه، دوجانبه

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

کاخ کنگره

having no interest or involvement in politics

غیرسیاسی

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

خودمختاری, استقلال

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

خودمختار

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

سکولاریسم

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

نظام سرمایه‌داری, کاپیتالیسم

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

لیبرالیسم

the practice of gaining total or partial political control over another country, exploiting its resources, and occupying it with settlers

استعمار, استعمارگری، نظام استعماری

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

انزواگرایی, انزواطلبی

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

عوام‌گرایی, پوپولیسم

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

فاشیسم

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

اُلیگارشی

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

فئودالیسم, ملوک‌الطوایفی

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

آرمان‌گرایی

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

سیاستمدار عوام‌فریب

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

کنفدراسیون, اتحاد، معاهده

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

فدراسیون, اتحادیه

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

فرد تندرو, فرد افراطی، فرد متعصب

a strong feeling of love and pride for one's country, often associated with thinking that country is also superior to any other

ملی‌گرایی, ناسیونالیسم

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

فدرالیسم

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

امپریالیسم

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

لابی کردن

being politically neutral, unbiased, and not supporting any particular party

بی‌طرف (در سیاست), غیر عضو

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

گردهمایی بزرگ, تظاهرات، اجتماع

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

آرمان‌شهر