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TOEFL のための上級語彙 - Politics

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「選挙」、「連合」、「二国間」など、政治に関する英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

候補者

候補者

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[名詞]
electoral

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

選挙の

選挙の

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[形容詞]
parliamentary

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

議会の

議会の

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[形容詞]
congressional

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

議会の

議会の

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[形容詞]
electoral college

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

選挙人団

選挙人団

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[名詞]
constituency

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

選挙区

選挙区

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[名詞]
absentee ballot

a ballot filled out and mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is not able to attend the polls

不在者投票用紙

不在者投票用紙

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[名詞]
chancellor

the head of state in some countries, like Germany

首相

首相

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[名詞]
activism

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

アクティビズム

アクティビズム

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[名詞]
coalition

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

連立

連立

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[名詞]
referendum

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

国民投票

国民投票

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[名詞]
inauguration

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

就任式

就任式

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[名詞]
bilateral

concerning two groups or countries

二国間の

二国間の

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[形容詞]
capitol

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

キャピトル

キャピトル

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[名詞]
apolitical

having no interest or involvement in politics

無政治的

無政治的

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[形容詞]
autonomy

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

自治

自治

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[名詞]
autonomous

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

自治の

自治の

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[形容詞]
secularism

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

世俗主義

世俗主義

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[名詞]
capitalism

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

資本主義

資本主義

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[名詞]
liberalism

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

リベラリズム

リベラリズム

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[名詞]
colonialism

the practice of gaining total or partial political control over another country, exploiting its resources, and occupying it with settlers

植民地主義

植民地主義

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[名詞]
isolationism

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

孤立主義

孤立主義

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[名詞]
populism

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

ポピュリズム

ポピュリズム

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[名詞]
fascism

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

ファシズム

ファシズム

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[名詞]
oligarchy

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

 oligarchy (オリガーキー)

oligarchy (オリガーキー)

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[名詞]
feudalism

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

封建制度

封建制度

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[名詞]
idealism

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

理想主義

理想主義

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[名詞]
demagogue

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

デマゴーグ

デマゴーグ

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[名詞]
confederation

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

連合

連合

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[名詞]
federation

the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

連邦

連邦

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[名詞]
fanatic

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

ファナティック

ファナティック

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[名詞]
nationalism

a strong feeling of love and pride for one's country, often associated with thinking that country is also superior to any other

ナショナリズム

ナショナリズム

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[名詞]
federalism

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

連邦主義

連邦主義

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[名詞]
imperialism

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

帝国主義

帝国主義

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[名詞]
to lobby

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

ロビー活動をする

ロビー活動をする

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[動詞]
nonpartisan

being politically neutral, unbiased, and not supporting any particular party

無党派の

無党派の

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[形容詞]
rally

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

集会

集会

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[名詞]
utopia

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

ユートピア

ユートピア

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[名詞]
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