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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Politica

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulla politica, come "elettorale", "coalizione", "bilaterale", ecc., che sono necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
candidacy
[sostantivo]

the state of being a candidate in an election

candidatura

candidatura

Ex: He withdrew his candidacy after the primary results. 

Ha ritirato la sua candidatura dopo i risultati delle primarie.

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electoral
electoral
[aggettivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

elettorale

elettorale

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected, indicating increased civic engagement. 
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parliamentary
parliamentary
[aggettivo]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentare

parlamentare

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government. 

La sessione parlamentare inizia con il discorso di apertura del capo dello Stato o del governo.

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congressional
congressional
[aggettivo]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

congressuale

congressuale

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities. 
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electoral college
electoral college
[sostantivo]

(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

collegio elettorale

collegio elettorale

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constituency
constituency
[sostantivo]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

circoscrizione

circoscrizione

Ex: The issue attracted considerable attention among the local constituency. 
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absentee ballot
absentee ballot
[sostantivo]

a vote sent by mail by someone who cannot go to the polling place

voto per corrispondenza

voto per corrispondenza

Ex: He submitted his absentee ballot a week before election day. 

Ha inviato il suo voto per corrispondenza una settimana prima del giorno delle elezioni.

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chancellor
chancellor
[sostantivo]

the head of government or state in some countries, responsible for leading the executive branch

cancelliere

cancelliere

Ex: She was elected as the country's chancellor. 
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activism
activism
[sostantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

attivismo

attivismo

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years, advocating for gender equality and women's rights. 

È stata coinvolta nell'attivismo fin dalla sua adolescenza, sostenendo l'uguaglianza di genere e i diritti delle donne.

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coalition
coalition
[sostantivo]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

coalizione

coalizione

Ex: The countries joined a coalition to coordinate their efforts. 
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referendum
referendum
[sostantivo]

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

referendum

referendum

Ex: Campaigning intensified in the weeks before the referendum. 
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inauguration
inauguration
[sostantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurazione

inaugurazione

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades, concerts, and fireworks to celebrate the new administration. 

I festeggiamenti dell'inaugurazione includevano sfilate, concerti e fuochi d'artificio per celebrare la nuova amministrazione.

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bilateral
bilateral
[aggettivo]

concerning two groups or countries

bilaterale

bilaterale

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection. 

È stato raggiunto un accordo bilaterale sulla protezione ambientale.

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capitol
capitol
[sostantivo]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

Campidoglio

Campidoglio

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apolitical
apolitical
[aggettivo]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitico

apolitico

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 

Nonostante lavorasse nel campo politico, Jane rimase apolitica, concentrandosi esclusivamente sugli sforzi umanitari piuttosto che allinearsi con qualsiasi partito.

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autonomy
autonomy
[sostantivo]

the freedom of a country, region, or organization to govern itself independently

autonomia

autonomia

Ex: The organization retained considerable autonomy in managing its internal affairs. 
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autonomous
autonomous
[aggettivo]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

autonomo

autonomo

Ex: The organization functions as an autonomous body, with its own executive board and administrative processes. 

L'organizzazione funziona come un corpo autonomo, con il proprio consiglio esecutivo e processi amministrativi.

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secularism
secularism
[sostantivo]

the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

secolarismo

secolarismo

Ex: The rise of secularism has led to more inclusive laws that respect all beliefs. 

L'ascesa del secolarismo ha portato a leggi più inclusive che rispettano tutte le credenze.

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capitalism
capitalism
[sostantivo]

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: Sarah wrote an essay comparing capitalism with other economic systems. 
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liberalism
liberalism
[sostantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups, but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone. 

I critici sostengono che il liberalismo possa talvolta trascurare i bisogni dei gruppi emarginati, ma i suoi sostenitori credono che la libertà personale e le istituzioni democratiche alla fine avvantaggino tutti.

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colonialism
colonialism
[sostantivo]

the practice or policy of a nation controlling or ruling over foreign territories, often exploiting them economically and politically

colonialismo

colonialismo

Ex: Colonialism involved the establishment of settlements and administration abroad. 

Il colonialismo comportava l'istituzione di insediamenti e amministrazione all'estero.

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isolationism
isolationism
[sostantivo]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolazionismo

isolazionismo

Ex: The government's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability. 

La svolta del governo verso l'isolazionismo è stata vista come una risposta all'instabilità globale.

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populism
populism
[sostantivo]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo

populismo

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures. 

L'ascesa del populismo negli ultimi anni è stata attribuita al diffuso malcontento nei confronti dei partiti politici tradizionali e all'impatto della globalizzazione sulle economie e culture locali.

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fascism
fascism
[sostantivo]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

fascismo

fascismo

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II. 

Il movimento di resistenza ha combattuto coraggiosamente contro la diffusione del fascismo durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale.

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oligarchy
oligarchy
[sostantivo]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchia

oligarchia

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism, as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population. 

L'ascesa dell'oligarchia spesso porta a corruzione e nepotismo, poiché le élite al potere danno priorità ai propri interessi piuttosto che a quelli della popolazione più ampia.

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feudalism
feudalism
[sostantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalesimo

feudalesimo

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms. 

Il concetto di feudalesimo ha plasmato i sistemi politici ed economici dei regni medievali.

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idealism
idealism
[sostantivo]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealismo

idealismo

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future. 

L'insegnante ha incoraggiato l'idealismo, chiedendo agli studenti di immaginare un futuro perfetto.

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demagogue
demagogue
[sostantivo]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo

demagogo

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people. 

La democrazia è vulnerabile all'influenza dei demagoghi che antepongono il proprio potere al benessere del popolo.

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confederation
confederation
[sostantivo]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

confederazione

confederazione

Ex: Historical confederations often arose for mutual defense. 

Le confederazioni storiche spesso sorsero per la difesa reciproca.

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federation
federation
[sostantivo]

the act or process of joining separate organizations, regions, or other bodies to form a larger federation

federazione

federazione

Ex: The organization was created through the federation of several smaller groups. 
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fanatic
fanatic
[sostantivo]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatico

fanatico

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology. 

Il gruppo era guidato da un fanatico che credeva fermamente nella sua ideologia radicale.

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nationalism
nationalism
[sostantivo]

strong pride in one's country and belief in its importance or superiority

nazionalismo

nazionalismo

Ex: Critics warned that extreme nationalism could lead to conflict. 
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federalism
federalism
[sostantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government. 

I principi del federalismo sono stati progettati per proteggere la sovranità dei singoli stati mantenendo un governo nazionale unificato.

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imperialism
imperialism
[sostantivo]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismo

imperialismo

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories. 

Durante l'era dell'imperialismo, le grandi potenze spesso competevano per il controllo dei territori.

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to lobby
to lobby
[Verbo]

to try to persuade politicians or officials to support or oppose a particular policy, law, or action

fare lobby

fare lobby

Ex: The association hired specialists to lobby the government on behalf of small businesses. 
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nonpartisan
nonpartisan
[aggettivo]

not supporting any political party and remaining neutral in political matters

apartitica

apartitica

Ex: The study provides nonpartisan analysis of the election results. 

Lo studio fornisce un'analisi imparziale dei risultati elettorali.

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rally
rally
[sostantivo]

a large public gathering held to show support for a cause, opinion, or group

riunione

riunione

Ex: Emma attended a rally with several of her friends. 
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utopia
utopia
[sostantivo]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopia

utopia

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality. 

Molte persone sperano in un'utopia ma la trovano difficile da realizzare nella realtà.

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