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Humaniora ACT - Ilmu Sosial

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang terkait dengan ilmu sosial, seperti "kasta", "militan", "aktivisme", dll., yang akan membantu Anda lulus ujian ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
[Kata benda]

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

pemisahan

pemisahan

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.Festival ini menampilkan musik, makanan, dan seni dari berbagai etnis di seluruh dunia.
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theory of mind
[Kata benda]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teori pikiran, pemahaman pikiran

teori pikiran, pemahaman pikiran

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings.Komunikasi yang efektif sering mengandalkan **teori pikiran** yang berkembang dengan baik untuk mengantisipasi dan merespons pikiran serta perasaan orang lain.
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bureaucracy
[Kata benda]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

birokrasi, struktur administratif

birokrasi, struktur administratif

Ex: The university bureaucracy requires multiple approvals for any major administrative changes .**Birokrasi** universitas memerlukan banyak persetujuan untuk setiap perubahan administratif besar.
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activism
[Kata benda]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivisme, perjuangan

aktivisme, perjuangan

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Dia terlibat dalam **aktivisme** sejak masa remajanya, memperjuangkan kesetaraan gender dan hak-hak perempuan.
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agency
[Kata benda]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agen, kemampuan untuk bertindak

agen, kemampuan untuk bertindak

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided the agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .Kepemimpinan kuat CEO memberikan **agensi** yang dibutuhkan untuk mengarahkan perusahaan melalui masa-masa sulit.
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clan
[Kata benda]

a large group of people who are related to each other

klan, keluarga besar

klan, keluarga besar

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of the clan from all over the country .Pernikahan itu adalah acara besar, yang dihadiri oleh anggota **klan** dari seluruh negeri.
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chiefdom
[Kata benda]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

kepemimpinan, sistem kepala suku

kepemimpinan, sistem kepala suku

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government.Sistem **kepemimpinan** dapat dilihat sebagai pendahulu dari bentuk pemerintahan yang lebih terpusat dan birokratis.
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collective
[Kata benda]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

kolektif

kolektif

Ex: The labor union acted as a collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .Serikat pekerja bertindak sebagai **kolektif** untuk menegosiasikan upah yang adil dan kondisi kerja atas nama anggotanya.
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to census
[kata kerja]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

melakukan sensus, mengadakan sensus

melakukan sensus, mengadakan sensus

Ex: By the time they completed censusing the region , they had gathered comprehensive data on its population dynamics .Pada saat mereka menyelesaikan **sensus** wilayah itu, mereka telah mengumpulkan data komprehensif tentang dinamika populasinya.
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demographic
[Kata benda]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografis, karakteristik demografis

demografis, karakteristik demografis

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic.Perusahaan sering menyesuaikan produk mereka untuk menarik **demografis** tertentu.
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status quo
[Kata benda]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, keadaan saat ini

status quo, keadaan saat ini

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve the status quo in terms of employee benefits .Kebijakan perusahaan bertujuan untuk mempertahankan **status quo** dalam hal tunjangan karyawan.
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industrialization
[Kata benda]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisasi, pembangunan industri

industrialisasi, pembangunan industri

Ex: Urbanization often accompanies industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories .**Industrialisasi** sering menyertai urbanisasi, karena orang pindah ke kota untuk mencari pekerjaan di pabrik.
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militant
[Adjektiva]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militan, tempur

militan, tempur

Ex: His militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .Retorikanya yang **militan** memicu ketegangan di antara komunitas, mengakibatkan konfrontasi dengan kelompok lawan.
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nonconformity
[Kata benda]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

ketidaksesuaian

ketidaksesuaian

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes of nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values .Filsuf sering mengeksplorasi tema **ketidaksesuaian** dalam kritik mereka terhadap norma dan nilai sosial.
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progressive
[Adjektiva]

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

progresif, maju

progresif, maju

Ex: He 's a progressive artist , pushing boundaries and challenging traditional norms through his work .Dia adalah seniman **progresif**, mendorong batas dan menantang norma tradisional melalui karyanya.
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socialization
[Kata benda]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

sosialisasi, integrasi sosial

sosialisasi, integrasi sosial

Ex: Online socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .**Sosialisasi** online melalui platform media sosial memengaruhi cara orang berkomunikasi dan membentuk hubungan di era digital.
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civilization
[Kata benda]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

peradaban, masyarakat

peradaban, masyarakat

Ex: The rise of civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history .Kebangkitan **peradaban** di Mesopotamia menandai awal sejarah tercatat.
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ethnicity
[Kata benda]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnisitas

etnisitas

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from various ethnicities around the world .Festival ini menampilkan musik, makanan, dan seni dari berbagai **etnis** di seluruh dunia.
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civil right
[Kata benda]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

hak sipil, kebebasan dasar

hak sipil, kebebasan dasar

Ex: The right to vote is an important civil right in many democracies .Hak pilih adalah **hak sipil** yang penting dalam banyak demokrasi.
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socioeconomic
[Adjektiva]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

sosioekonomi, ekonomi sosial

sosioekonomi, ekonomi sosial

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on improving socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .Organisasi nirlaba berfokus pada peningkatan kondisi **sosioekonomi** di komunitas yang kurang terlayani.
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urbanization
[Kata benda]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisasi, pembangunan kota

urbanisasi, pembangunan kota

Ex: The book discusses the history of urbanization.Buku ini membahas sejarah **urbanisasi**.
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suburban
[Adjektiva]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

pinggiran kota, suburban

pinggiran kota, suburban

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .Sekolah **pinggiran kota** dikenal dengan program pendidikan berkualitas tinggi dan kegiatan ekstrakurikulernya.
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to marginalize
[kata kerja]

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

meminggirkan, mengabaikan

meminggirkan, mengabaikan

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Dengan **meminggirkan** berbagai perspektif, kita membatasi kemampuan kita untuk mengatasi masalah sosial yang kompleks secara efektif.
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minority
[Kata benda]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoritas

minoritas

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area .Dia sedang meneliti sejarah komunitas **minoritas** di daerah itu.
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aristocracy
[Kata benda]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrasi, bangsawan

aristokrasi, bangsawan

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**Aristokrasi** menentang banyak reformasi sosial yang mengancam hak istimewa mereka.
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royalty
[Kata benda]

kings and queens and any member of their families

keluarga kerajaan, bangsawan

keluarga kerajaan, bangsawan

Ex: The film depicted the life of royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties .Film itu menggambarkan kehidupan **keluarga kerajaan**, menyoroti gaya hidup mewah mereka dan tugas-tugas seremonial.
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metropolis
[Kata benda]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metropolis, kota besar

metropolis, kota besar

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infrastructure
[Kata benda]

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infrastruktur, infrastruktur-infrastruktur

infrastruktur, infrastruktur-infrastruktur

Ex: The earthquake damaged critical infrastructure, leaving thousands without electricity or clean water .Gempa bumi merusak **infrastruktur** kritis, meninggalkan ribuan orang tanpa listrik atau air bersih.
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utopian
[Adjektiva]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopis, idealistis

utopis, idealistis

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of self-sufficient utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively .Kaum sosialis mengusulkan pembuatan komunitas **utopis** yang mandiri di mana orang hidup dan bekerja secara kooperatif.
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legitimacy
[Kata benda]

the quality of being acceptable by the law

legitimasi

legitimasi

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civil disobedience
[Kata benda]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

pembangkangan sipil, perlawanan pasif

pembangkangan sipil, perlawanan pasif

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts of civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .Peserta protes terlibat dalam tindakan **pembangkangan sipil** dengan memblokir akses ke gedung-gedung pemerintah.
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to discriminate
[kata kerja]

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

mendiskriminasi

mendiskriminasi

Ex: The school was criticized for discriminating against students of certain religious backgrounds .Sekolah dikritik karena **mendiskriminasi** siswa dari latar belakang agama tertentu.
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to rehabilitate
[kata kerja]

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

merehabilitasi, memulihkan

merehabilitasi, memulihkan

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .Program ini berhasil **merehabilitasi** banyak individu yang telah berjuang dengan penyalahgunaan zat.
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outcast
[Kata benda]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

terbuang, orang buangan

terbuang, orang buangan

Ex: The outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals .Si **terbuang** menemukan penghiburan dalam pergaulan dengan individu-individu terpinggirkan lainnya.
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refugee
[Kata benda]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

pengungsi, pengungsi

pengungsi, pengungsi

Ex: The refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .Krisis **pengungsi** memicu diskusi tentang bantuan kemanusiaan dan tanggung jawab global.
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indigenous
[Adjektiva]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

asli,  pribumi

asli, pribumi

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them.Banyak bahasa **pribumi** beresiko menghilang, mendorong upaya untuk melestarikan dan menghidupkannya kembali.
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patriarchal
[Adjektiva]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarkal, kepala keluarga

patriarkal, kepala keluarga

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .Sikap **patriarkal** melanggengkan stereotip dan ketidaksetaraan gender dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan.
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humble
[Adjektiva]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

rendah hati, sederhana

rendah hati, sederhana

Ex: Growing up in a humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance .Tumbuh di rumah tangga **sederhana** mengajarkannya nilai kerja keras dan ketekunan.
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to assimilate
[kata kerja]

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

berasimilasi, berintegrasi

berasimilasi, berintegrasi

Ex: The tourist tried to assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .Wisatawan itu mencoba untuk **berasimilasi** dengan adat istiadat setempat dengan mempelajari salam dasar dan etiket makan.
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commune
[Kata benda]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

komune

komune

Ex: Residents of the commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council .Penduduk **komune** memilih dalam pemilihan lokal untuk memilih perwakilan mereka di dewan.
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outskirts
[Kata benda]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

pinggiran kota, daerah luar

pinggiran kota, daerah luar

Ex: Commuting from the outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour , as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly .Berkomuter dari **pinggiran kota** ke pusat kota bisa menjadi tantangan selama jam sibuk, karena kemacetan lalu lintas seringkali memperlambat waktu perjalanan secara signifikan.
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parish
[Kata benda]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

paroki, jemaat

paroki, jemaat

Ex: The parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic .**Paroki** merayakan ulang tahun keseratusnya dengan Misa khusus dan piknik komunitas.
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cosmopolitan
[Adjektiva]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

kosmopolitan

kosmopolitan

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding.Komunitas mahasiswa **kosmopolitan** universitas menciptakan lingkungan pemahaman global.
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humanitarian
[Adjektiva]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

kemanusiaan

kemanusiaan

Ex: Humanitarian initiatives focus on promoting human rights , alleviating poverty , and providing sustainable solutions to global challenges .Inisiatif **kemanusiaan** berfokus pada mempromosikan hak asasi manusia, mengurangi kemiskinan, dan memberikan solusi berkelanjutan untuk tantangan global.
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classist
[Adjektiva]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

klasistis, diskriminatif berdasarkan kelas sosial

klasistis, diskriminatif berdasarkan kelas sosial

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies.Aktivis bekerja untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang diskriminasi **kelas** dan mempromosikan kebijakan yang lebih inklusif.
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caste
[Kata benda]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasta, sistem kasta

kasta, sistem kasta

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Upaya untuk mengatasi diskriminasi berbasis **kasta** memerlukan tindakan legislatif, reformasi pendidikan, dan kampanye kesadaran sosial untuk mempromosikan kesetaraan dan inklusivitas.
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echelon
[Kata benda]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

tingkat, jabatan

tingkat, jabatan

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb the echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success .Banyak profesional muda bercita-cita untuk menaiki **jenjang** di bidang masing-masing untuk mencapai pengakuan dan kesuksesan yang lebih besar.
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station
[Kata benda]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

pangkat, posisi sosial

pangkat, posisi sosial

Ex: In the novel , the protagonist struggles to transcend his lowly station and achieve his dreams .Dalam novel, protagonis berjuang untuk melampaui **kedudukan** rendahnya dan mencapai mimpinya.
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rat race
[Kata benda]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

perlombaan tikus, kehidupan yang penuh persaingan

perlombaan tikus, kehidupan yang penuh persaingan

Ex: She has been stuck in the rat race for years , working long hours and sacrificing her personal life for her career .Dia telah terjebak dalam **perlombaan tikus** selama bertahun-tahun, bekerja berjam-jam dan mengorbankan kehidupan pribadinya untuk karier.
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