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ACT 人文科学 - 社会科学

ここでは、ACT の合格に役立つ、「カースト」、「戦闘員」、「活動主義」など、社会科学に関連する英単語を学びます。

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

隔離

隔離

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[名詞]
theory of mind

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

心の理論

心の理論

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[名詞]
bureaucracy

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

官僚制度

官僚制度

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[名詞]
activism

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

アクティビズム

アクティビズム

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[名詞]
agency

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

エージェンシー

エージェンシー

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[名詞]
clan

a large group of people who are related to each other

クラン

クラン

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[名詞]
chiefdom

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

首長制

首長制

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[名詞]
collective

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

コレクティブ

コレクティブ

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[名詞]
to census

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

国勢調査する

国勢調査する

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[動詞]
demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口統計学的

人口統計学的

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[名詞]
status quo

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

現状

現状

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[名詞]
industrialization

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

産業化

産業化

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[名詞]
militant

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

過激な

過激な

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[形容詞]
nonconformity

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

非従属

非従属

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[名詞]
progressive

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

進歩的な

進歩的な

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[形容詞]
socialization

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

社会化

社会化

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[名詞]
civilization

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

文明

文明

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[名詞]
ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

民族性

民族性

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[名詞]
civil right

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

市民権

市民権

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[名詞]
socioeconomic

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

社会経済的

社会経済的

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[形容詞]
urbanization

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

都市化

都市化

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[名詞]
suburban

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

郊外の

郊外の

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[形容詞]
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

疎外する

疎外する

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[動詞]
minority

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

マイノリティ

マイノリティ

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[名詞]
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

貴族階級

貴族階級

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[名詞]
royalty

kings and queens and any member of their families

王族

王族

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[名詞]
metropolis

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

大都市

大都市

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[名詞]
infrastructure

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

インフラ

インフラ

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[名詞]
utopian

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

ユートピア的な

ユートピア的な

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[形容詞]
legitimacy

the quality of being acceptable by the law

合法性

合法性

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[名詞]
civil disobedience

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

市民的不服従

市民的不服従

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[名詞]
to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

差別する

差別する

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[動詞]
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

リハビリテーションする

リハビリテーションする

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[動詞]
outcast

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

はぐれ者

はぐれ者

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[名詞]
refugee

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

難民

難民

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[名詞]
indigenous

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

先住民の

先住民の

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[形容詞]
patriarchal

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

父権的

父権的

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[形容詞]
humble

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

謙虚な

謙虚な

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[形容詞]
to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

同化する

同化する

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[動詞]
commune

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

コミューン

コミューン

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[名詞]
outskirts

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

郊外

郊外

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[名詞]
parish

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

教区

教区

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[名詞]
cosmopolitan

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

国際的

国際的

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[形容詞]
humanitarian

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

人道的

人道的

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[形容詞]
classist

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

階級主義的

階級主義的

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[形容詞]
caste

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

カースト

カースト

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[名詞]
echelon

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

階層

階層

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[名詞]
station

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

社会的地位

社会的地位

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[名詞]
rat race

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

ネズミのレース

ネズミのレース

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[名詞]
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