ACT 人文学科 - 社会科学

在这里，你将学习一些与社会科学相关的英语单词，如“种姓”、“激进分子”、“行动主义”等，这些将帮助你通过ACT考试。

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开始学习

segregation [名词]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

Ex: Laws enforcing segregation affected public transportation .

theory of mind [名词]

心智理论

Ex: Researchers use various tasks , such as the " Sally-Anne test , " to assess theory of mind in both children and adults .

研究人员使用各种任务，如“萨莉-安妮测试”，来评估儿童和成人的心理理论。

bureaucracy [名词]

官僚主义

Ex: Bureaucracy in healthcare administration can sometimes hinder patient care due to lengthy approval procedures.

医疗管理中的官僚主义有时会因冗长的审批程序而妨碍患者护理。

activism [名词]

行动主义

Ex: Activism played a crucial role in the civil rights movement , leading to significant legislative changes .

行动主义在民权运动中发挥了关键作用，导致了重大的立法变化。

agency [名词]

机构

Ex: In literature , characters with agency drive the plot forward through their actions and decisions .

在文学中，具有能动性的角色通过他们的行动和决定推动情节发展。

clan [名词]

氏族

Ex: As the eldest member of the clan , she held a place of honor and respect during family gatherings .

作为氏族中最年长的成员，她在家庭聚会中享有荣誉和尊重的地位。

chiefdom [名词]

酋长制

Ex: In a chiefdom , the chief often inherits their position and wields considerable influence over the tribe 's decision-making processes .

在酋长制中，酋长通常继承其地位并对部落的决策过程施加相当大的影响。

collective [名词]

集体

Ex:

环保集体组织了植树倡议和社区清理活动以促进可持续性。

to census [动词]

进行人口普查

Ex: Last year , the city censused its residents to determine the need for additional public services .

去年，该市对其居民进行了普查，以确定是否需要额外的公共服务。

demographic [名词]

人口统计的

Ex: Researchers are studying the spending habits of this particular demographic .

研究人员正在研究这一特定人口统计的消费习惯。

status quo [名词]

现状

Ex: He is content with the status quo and sees no need for immediate reform .

他对现状感到满意，认为不需要立即改革。

industrialization [名词]

工业化

Ex: Developing countries often undergo stages of industrialization as they transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones .

发展中国家在从农业经济向工业化经济过渡时，往往会经历工业化阶段。

militant [形容词]

好战的

Ex: She was known for her militant stance on animal rights , often participating in protests and direct actions .

她以在动物权利问题上的激进立场而闻名，经常参加抗议和直接行动。

nonconformity [名词]

不遵从

Ex: The artist 's work is celebrated for its nonconformity to conventional artistic styles and techniques .

这位艺术家的作品因其对传统艺术风格和技巧的不墨守成规而受到赞誉。

progressive [形容词]

进步的

Ex: He works for a progressive company that prioritizes sustainability and diversity .

他在一家优先考虑可持续性和多样性的进步公司工作。

socialization [名词]

社会化

Ex: Cultural socialization teaches individuals about the beliefs and practices of their community .

文化社会化教导个人了解他们社区的信仰和实践。

civilization [名词]

文明

Ex: Modern civilization relies heavily on technology and global communication .

现代文明在很大程度上依赖于技术和全球通信。

ethnicity [名词]

种族

Ex: She takes pride in her ethnicity and loves sharing her cultural traditions .

她为自己的种族感到自豪，并且喜欢分享她的文化传统。

civil right [名词]

公民权利

Ex:

维护公民权利原则对于培养一个公正和公平的社会至关重要，在这个社会中，每个人的尊严和自由都得到尊重。

socioeconomic [形容词]

社会经济的

Ex: Socioeconomic status can impact educational opportunities and outcomes .

社会经济地位可能影响教育机会和成果。

urbanization [名词]

城市化

Ex: The country ’s urbanization rate has increased in recent years .

该国的城市化率近年来有所上升。

suburban [形容词]

郊区的

Ex: Many families prefer suburban living for its sense of community and access to amenities .

许多家庭更喜欢郊区生活，因为它的社区感和便利设施的便利。

to marginalize [动词]

边缘化

Ex: People of color are often marginalized in mainstream media , leading to underrepresentation and stereotypes .

有色人种在主流媒体中经常被边缘化，导致代表性不足和刻板印象。

minority [名词]

少数群体

Ex: They discussed how to ensure equal opportunities for all , including minority members .

他们讨论了如何确保所有人，包括少数群体成员，享有平等机会。

aristocracy [名词]

贵族

Ex: Throughout history , the aristocracy has held significant political power .

纵观历史，贵族一直掌握着重要的政治权力。

royalty [名词]

王室

Ex: She admired the intricate crowns and jewelry worn by the royalty in historical portraits .

她欣赏历史肖像中皇室成员佩戴的复杂王冠和珠宝。

metropolis [名词]

大都市

infrastructure [名词]

基础设施

Ex: Poor infrastructure in rural areas limits access to healthcare and education .

农村地区糟糕的基础设施限制了医疗保健和教育的获取。

utopian [形容词]

乌托邦的

Ex: Their dream was to establish an isolated utopian commune free from the corruption of the outside world .

他们的梦想是建立一个与外界腐败隔绝的孤立乌托邦公社。

legitimacy [名词]

合法性

civil disobedience [名词]

公民不服从

Ex: The civil rights movement in the United States used civil disobedience to resist racial segregation laws .

美国的民权运动利用公民不服从来抵制种族隔离法律。

to discriminate [动词]

歧视

Ex: It 's illegal to discriminate against individuals based on their sexual orientation .

基于性取向歧视个人是非法的。

to rehabilitate [动词]

康复

Ex: After serving time in prison , the goal was to rehabilitate the offender and reintegrate them into society .

在监狱服刑后，目标是改造罪犯并使他们重新融入社会。

outcast [名词]

被排斥者

Ex: He became an outcast in the community after expressing unpopular political views .

在表达了不受欢迎的政治观点后，他成为了社区中的弃儿。

refugee [名词]

难民

Ex: She fled her war-torn country and sought refugee status in a neighboring nation .

她逃离了饱受战争蹂躏的国家，并在邻国寻求难民身份。

indigenous [形容词]

原生的

Ex: Indigenous communities often have a deep spiritual connection to the land , viewing it as sacred and integral to their identity .

土著社区通常与土地有着深厚的精神联系，将其视为神圣且对其身份不可或缺的。

patriarchal [形容词]

父权的

Ex: Many traditional cultures have patriarchal family structures where the father holds primary authority .

许多传统文化都有父权制的家庭结构，父亲在其中拥有主要权威。

humble [形容词]

谦逊的

Ex: Despite his humble beginnings , he rose to become a respected leader in the community .

尽管他的卑微出身，他成为了社区中一位受尊敬的领导者。

to assimilate [动词]

同化

Ex: Immigrants often face challenges as they try to assimilate into a new society while preserving their cultural identity .

移民在试图融入新社会同时保留其文化身份时经常面临挑战。

commune [名词]

公社

Ex: Each commune in France is responsible for providing basic services such as education and waste management to its residents .

法国的每个市镇负责向居民提供教育和废物管理等基本服务。

outskirts [名词]

郊区

Ex: The new shopping center was built on the outskirts , making it a convenient destination for residents from nearby neighborhoods .

新的购物中心建在郊区，使其成为附近社区居民的便利目的地。

parish [名词]

教区

Ex: Each parish organizes events and activities to foster unity among its members .

每个教区组织活动和事件以促进其成员之间的团结。

cosmopolitan [形容词]

国际化的

Ex: The conference attracted a cosmopolitan audience from various countries .

会议吸引了来自不同国家的国际化观众。

humanitarian [形容词]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

Ex: The organization launched a humanitarian aid campaign .

classist [形容词]

阶级歧视的

Ex:

她对生活在低收入社区的人的阶级歧视言论是冒犯和不恰当的。

caste [名词]

种姓

Ex: Caste discrimination remains a significant issue in many parts of the world , leading to social inequalities and injustices .

种姓歧视仍然是世界许多地区的一个重大问题，导致社会不平等和不公正。

echelon [名词]

等级

Ex: She worked hard for years to reach the upper echelons of the corporate world .

她努力工作多年，以达到企业世界的上层梯队。

station [名词]

等级

Ex: She married above her station , which caused quite a stir in their traditional community .

她嫁给了高于自己地位的人，这在他们传统的社区引起了不小的轰动。

rat race [名词]

老鼠赛跑

Ex: By the time he retired , he had been in the rat race for over three decades and was ready for a slower pace of life .

到他退休时，他已经在激烈的竞争中奔波了三十多年，准备好迎接更慢的生活节奏。

ACT 人文学科
历史与考古学	文学与文化	艺术与工艺	表演艺术与媒体
Music	社会科学	商业与管理	政治与立法
权力与统治	法律与义务	冲突与合规	挑战与斗争
损害与危险	宗教与信仰	道德行为	不道德行为
规律性与合理性	不规则和不合理	确定性与不确定性	因果性与意向性
Communication	Interaction