ACT 人文学科 - 社会科学

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

隔离, 分离

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

心智理论, 心理理论

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

官僚主义

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

激进主义, 活动主义

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

机构, 能力

a large group of people who are related to each other

部落, 家族

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

酋长制, 首长制

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

集体, 合作体

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

进行普查, 统计人口

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

人口统计特征, 人口类别

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

现状, 状态 quo

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

工业化, 工业化

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

激进的, 好斗的

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

不从众, 不合规范

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

进步的, 创新的

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

社会化, 社交化

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

文明, 社会

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

民族性, 族群归属

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

公民权利, 公民权

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

社会经济的, 社会-经济的

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

城市化, 城镇化

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

郊区的, 近郊的

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

边缘化, 轻视

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

少数派, 少数群体

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

贵族

kings and queens and any member of their families

皇室, 皇室成员

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

大都市, 城市中心

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

基础设施, 基础结构

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

乌托邦的

the quality of being acceptable by the law

合法性

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

公民抗命, 和平抵抗

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

歧视, 区别对待

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

重新融入, 康复

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

被抛弃者, 被排斥者

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

难民, 女难民

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

土著的, 原住民的

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

父权的, 父权制的

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

谦逊的, 低调的

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

同化, 融入

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

公社

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

郊区, 外缘

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

教区, 地区

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

国际化的, 多元文化的

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

人道的, 人道援助的

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

阶级歧视的, 以阶级为基础的

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

种姓, 种姓制度

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

等级, 层次

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

社会地位, 身份

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

老鼠赛跑, 疲惫的生活方式