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Umanistiche ACT - Scienze Sociali

Impara il vocabolario di scienze umane dell'ACT per le scienze sociali, tra cui società, comportamento, istituzioni, comunità, ricerca e lo studio delle relazioni umane e dei modelli sociali.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
segregation
[sostantivo]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregazione

segregazione

Ex: Segregation in workplaces limited career advancement for minorities. 

Segregazione nei luoghi di lavoro limitava l'avanzamento di carriera delle minoranze.

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theory of mind
theory of mind
[sostantivo]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teoria della mente, comprensione della mente

teoria della mente, comprensione della mente

Ex: Researchers use various tasks, such as the "Sally-Anne test," to assess theory of mind in both children and adults. 

I ricercatori utilizzano vari compiti, come il "test di Sally-Anne", per valutare la teoria della mente sia nei bambini che negli adulti.

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bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[sostantivo]

a system of administration organized through departments, defined responsibilities, formal procedures, and hierarchical authority

burocrazia,  amministrazione burocratica

burocrazia, amministrazione burocratica

Ex: Managers redesigned the bureaucracy to clarify responsibilities and approval procedures. 
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activism
activism
[sostantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

attivismo

attivismo

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years, advocating for gender equality and women's rights. 

È stata coinvolta nell'attivismo fin dalla sua adolescenza, sostenendo l'uguaglianza di genere e i diritti delle donne.

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agency
agency
[sostantivo]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agenzia, capacità di agire

agenzia, capacità di agire

Ex: In literature, characters with agency shape events through their own decisions. 
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clan
clan
[sostantivo]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: The wedding was a grand event, attended by members of the clan from all over the country. 
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chiefdom
chiefdom
[sostantivo]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

cacicato, sistema dei capi

cacicato, sistema dei capi

Ex: In a chiefdom, the chief often inherits their position and wields considerable influence over the tribe's decision-making processes. 

In un capitanato, il capo spesso eredita la sua posizione ed esercita un'influenza considerevole sui processi decisionali della tribù.

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collective
collective
[sostantivo]

a group of people organized to work together for a shared purpose or activity

collettivo,  collettività

collettivo, collettività

Ex: A group of local designers established the collective five years ago. 
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to census
to census
[Verbo]

to officially count and collect information about the members of a population

censire,  fare il censimento di

censire, fare il censimento di

Ex: Several remote communities had not been censused accurately before. 
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demographic
demographic
[sostantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografico

demografico

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a specific demographic. 

Le aziende spesso adattano i loro prodotti per attirare un demografico specifico.

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status quo
status quo
[sostantivo]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo

status quo

Ex: The company’s policy aims to preserve the status quo in terms of employee benefits. 

La politica dell'azienda mira a preservare lo status quo in termini di benefici per i dipendenti.

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industrialization
industrialization
[sostantivo]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrializzazione, sviluppo industriale

industrializzazione, sviluppo industriale

Ex: Urbanization often accompanies industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories. 

L'industrializzazione spesso accompagna l'urbanizzazione, poiché le persone si trasferiscono nelle città in cerca di lavoro nelle fabbriche.

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militant
militant
[aggettivo]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militante

militante

Ex: She was known for her militant stance on animal rights, often participating in protests and direct actions. 

Era conosciuta per la sua posizione militante sui diritti degli animali, partecipando spesso a proteste e azioni dirette.

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nonconformity
nonconformity
[sostantivo]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

non conformità

non conformità

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes of nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values. 

I filosofi esplorano spesso temi di non conformità nella loro critica alle norme e ai valori sociali.

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progressive
progressive
[aggettivo]

favoring new ideas, methods, and change rather than traditional ones

progressista,  innovativo

progressista, innovativo

Ex: The company gained attention for its progressive approach to employee training. 
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socialization
socialization
[sostantivo]

the process of learning the values, behavior, and norms expected within a society or group

socializzazione

socializzazione

Ex: Early socialization can influence behavior well into adulthood. 
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civilization
civilization
[sostantivo]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilizzazione

civilizzazione

Ex: The rise of civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history. 

L'ascesa della civiltà in Mesopotamia segnò l'inizio della storia registrata.

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ethnicity
ethnicity
[sostantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia

etnia

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world. 

Il festival mostra musica, cibo e arte di varie etnie di tutto il mondo.

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civil right
civil right
[sostantivo]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

diritto civile, libertà fondamentale

diritto civile, libertà fondamentale

Ex: Upholding civil rights principles is essential for fostering a just and equitable society where everyone's dignity and freedoms are respected. 

Sostenere i principi dei diritti civili è essenziale per promuovere una società giusta ed equa in cui la dignità e le libertà di tutti siano rispettate.

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socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[aggettivo]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioeconomico, socio-economico

socioeconomico, socio-economico

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on improving socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities. 

L'organizzazione no profit si concentra sul miglioramento delle condizioni socioeconomiche nelle comunità svantaggiate.

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urbanization
urbanization
[sostantivo]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanizzazione, inurbamento

urbanizzazione, inurbamento

Ex: The book discusses the history of urbanization. 

Il libro discute la storia dell'urbanizzazione.

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suburban
suburban
[aggettivo]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

suburbano

suburbano

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities. 
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to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

emarginare

emarginare

Ex: By marginalizing diverse perspectives, we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively. 

Emarginando prospettive diverse, limitiamo la nostra capacità di affrontare efficacemente complessi problemi sociali.

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minority
minority
[sostantivo]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoranza

minoranza

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area. 
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aristocracy
aristocracy
[sostantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocrazia

aristocrazia

Ex: The aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges. 

L'aristocrazia si oppose a molte riforme sociali che minacciavano i suoi privilegi.

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royalty
royalty
[sostantivo]

kings and queens and any member of their families

royalty

royalty

Ex: She admired the intricate crowns and jewelry worn by the royalty in historical portraits. 

Ammirava le intricate corone e i gioielli indossati dalla realtà nei ritratti storici.

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metropolis
metropolis
[sostantivo]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metropoli, grande città

metropoli, grande città

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infrastructure
infrastructure
[sostantivo]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infrastruttura, infrastrutture

infrastruttura, infrastrutture

Ex: Infrastructure development is key to attracting foreign investment. 
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utopian
utopian
[aggettivo]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopico, idealista

utopico, idealista

Ex: Their dream was to establish an isolated utopian commune free from the corruption of the outside world. 

Il loro sogno era stabilire una comune utopica isolata, libera dalla corruzione del mondo esterno.

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legitimacy
legitimacy
[sostantivo]

the quality of being acceptable by the law

legittimità

legittimità

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civil disobedience
civil disobedience
[sostantivo]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

disobbedienza civile, resistenza passiva

disobbedienza civile, resistenza passiva

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts of civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings. 

I partecipanti alla protesta hanno intrapreso atti di disobbedienza civile bloccando l'accesso agli edifici governativi.

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to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

fare delle discriminazioni

fare delle discriminazioni

Ex: The school was criticized for discriminating against students of certain religious backgrounds. 

La scuola è stata criticata per discriminare gli studenti di determinati background religiosi.

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to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

riabilitare

riabilitare

Ex: The program successfully rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse. 

Il programma ha riabilitato con successo molti individui che avevano lottato con l'abuso di sostanze.

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outcast
outcast
[sostantivo]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

emarginato, reietto

emarginato, reietto

Ex: The outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals. 

L'emarginato ha trovato conforto nella compagnia di altri individui emarginati.

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refugee
refugee
[sostantivo]

a person forced to leave their country or home to escape war, persecution, or serious danger

rifugiato

rifugiato

Ex: The organization helps refugees find housing, education, and employment. 
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indigenous
indigenous
[aggettivo]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indigeno,  autoctono

indigeno, autoctono

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them. 

Molte lingue indigene sono a rischio di scomparsa, il che stimola gli sforzi per preservarle e rivitalizzarle.

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patriarchal
patriarchal
[aggettivo]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcale, patriarcalistico

patriarcale, patriarcalistico

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life. 

Gli atteggiamenti patriarcali perpetuano gli stereotipi e le disuguaglianze di genere in vari aspetti della vita.

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humble
humble
[aggettivo]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

umile, modesto

umile, modesto

Ex: Despite his humble beginnings, he rose to become a respected leader in the community. 

Nonostante i suoi umili inizi, è diventato un leader rispettato nella comunità.

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to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

assimilare, integrarsi

assimilare, integrarsi

Ex: Immigrants often face challenges as they try to assimilate into a new society while preserving their cultural identity. 

Gli immigrati spesso affrontano sfide mentre cercano di assimilarsi in una nuova società preservando la propria identità culturale.

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commune
commune
[sostantivo]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

comune

comune

Ex: Residents of the commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council. 

I residenti del comune hanno votato nelle elezioni locali per scegliere i loro rappresentanti in consiglio.

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outskirts
outskirts
[sostantivo]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

periferia

periferia

Ex: Commuting from the outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour, as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly. 

Spostarsi dalla periferia al centro città può essere difficile durante l'ora di punta, poiché la congestione del traffico spesso rallenta notevolmente i tempi di viaggio.

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parish
parish
[sostantivo]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

parrocchia

parrocchia

Ex: The parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic. 
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cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[aggettivo]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita

cosmopolita

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding. 

Il corpo studentesco cosmopolita dell'università ha favorito un ambiente di comprensione globale.

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humanitarian
humanitarian
[aggettivo]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

umanitario

umanitario

Ex: Humanitarian principles guided their response to the crisis. 

I principi umanitari hanno guidato la loro risposta alla crisi.

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classist
classist
[aggettivo]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

classista, discriminatorio in base alla classe sociale

classista, discriminatorio in base alla classe sociale

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies. 

Gli attivisti stanno lavorando per aumentare la consapevolezza sulla discriminazione classista e promuovere politiche più inclusive.

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caste
caste
[sostantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity. 

Gli sforzi per affrontare la discriminazione basata sulla casta richiedono misure legislative, riforme educative e campagne di sensibilizzazione sociale per promuovere l'uguaglianza e l'inclusività.

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echelon
echelon
[sostantivo]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

scalino, livello

scalino, livello

Ex: She worked hard for years to reach the upper echelons of the corporate world. 

Ha lavorato duramente per anni per raggiungere i gradi superiori del mondo aziendale.

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station
station
[sostantivo]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rango, posizione sociale

rango, posizione sociale

Ex: In the novel, the protagonist struggles to transcend his lowly station and achieve his dreams. 
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rat race
rat race
[sostantivo]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

corsa sfrenata, vita sempre in competizione

corsa sfrenata, vita sempre in competizione

Ex: She realized the rat race had left her with money but no real joy. 

Si rese conto che quella corsa sfrenata le aveva dato soldi, ma nessuna vera gioia.

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