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Humaniora ACT - Samhällsvetenskaper

Lär dig ACT-humanioravokabulär för samhällsvetenskap, inklusive samhälle, beteende, institutioner, gemenskaper, forskning och studiet av mänskliga relationer och sociala mönster.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
segregation
[Substantiv]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregering, apartheid

segregering, apartheid

Ex: Civil rights activists fought to end segregation in public spaces. 

Medborgarrättsaktivister kämpade för att avsluta segregation på offentliga platser.

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theory of mind
theory of mind
[Substantiv]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teori om sinne, förståelse av sinne

teori om sinne, förståelse av sinne

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings. 

Effektiv kommunikation förlitar sig ofta på en välutvecklad teori om sinnet för att förutse och svara på andras tankar och känslor.

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bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Substantiv]

a system of administration organized through departments, defined responsibilities, formal procedures, and hierarchical authority

byråkrati,  ämbetsmannavälde

byråkrati, ämbetsmannavälde

Ex: A large bureaucracy can help coordinate work across many separate offices. 
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activism
activism
[Substantiv]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

aktivism, kamp

aktivism, kamp

Ex: The students' activism on campus has led to the administration implementing more sustainable practices. 

Studenternas aktivism på campus har lett till att administrationen implementerar mer hållbara metoder.

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agency
agency
[Substantiv]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

byrå, handlingskraft

byrå, handlingskraft

Ex: The CEO's strong leadership provided the agency needed to steer the company through challenging times. 
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clan
clan
[Substantiv]

a large group of people who are related to each other

klan, stor familj

klan, stor familj

Ex: The clan's history was passed down through generations, with stories and traditions that strengthened their familial bond. 
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chiefdom
chiefdom
[Substantiv]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

hövdingadöme, hövdingasystem

hövdingadöme, hövdingasystem

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government. 

Hövdingadömet-systemet kan ses som en föregångare till mer centraliserade och byråkratiska regeringsformer.

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collective
collective
[Substantiv]

a group of people organized to work together for a shared purpose or activity

kollektiv,  gemenskap

kollektiv, gemenskap

Ex: The collective shares equipment and workspace among its members. 
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to census
to census
[Verb]

to officially count and collect information about the members of a population

folkräkna,  göra folkräkning

folkräkna, göra folkräkning

Ex: The animals are censused annually to track changes in their population. 
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demographic
demographic
[Substantiv]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

demografisk, demografiska egenskaper

Ex: The survey results showed that the largest demographic in the area was families with young children. 

Undersökningsresultaten visade att den största demografin i området var familjer med små barn.

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status quo
status quo
[Substantiv]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

status quo, nuvarande läge

status quo, nuvarande läge

Ex: She is trying to change the status quo in her organization by introducing new procedures. 

Hon försöker ändra status quo i sin organisation genom att införa nya procedurer.

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industrialization
industrialization
[Substantiv]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisering, industriell utveckling

industrialisering, industriell utveckling

Ex: Technological advancements, such as the steam engine, played a pivotal role in driving early phases of industrialization. 

Teknologiska framsteg, såsom ångmaskinen, spelade en avgörande roll i att driva de tidiga faserna av industrialisering.

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militant
militant
[adjektiv]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militant, stridbar

militant, stridbar

Ex: His militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community, leading to confrontations with opposing groups. 

Hans militanta retorik ökade spänningarna inom samhället, vilket ledde till konfrontationer med motståndargrupper.

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nonconformity
nonconformity
[Substantiv]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

icke-överensstämmelse

icke-överensstämmelse

Ex: The teenager's nonconformity to fashion trends reflected her independent personality. 

Tonåringens icke-anpassning till modetrender speglade hennes oberoende personlighet.

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progressive
progressive
[adjektiv]

favoring new ideas, methods, and change rather than traditional ones

progressiv,  framstegsvänlig

progressiv, framstegsvänlig

Ex: Daniel works for a progressive organization that regularly experiments with new methods. 
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socialization
socialization
[Substantiv]

the process of learning the values, behavior, and norms expected within a society or group

socialisering

socialisering

Ex: Peer groups become increasingly important in adolescent socialization. 
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civilization
civilization
[Substantiv]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilisation, samhälle

civilisation, samhälle

Ex: Civilization has made great strides in medicine and science over the centuries. 

Civilisationen har gjort stora framsteg inom medicin och vetenskap över århundradena.

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ethnicity
ethnicity
[Substantiv]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicitet

etnicitet

Ex: Researchers are exploring how ethnicity influences health outcomes. 

Forskare undersöker hur etnicitet påverkar hälsoutfall.

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civil right
civil right
[Substantiv]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

medborgerlig rättighet, grundläggande frihet

medborgerlig rättighet, grundläggande frihet

Ex: The right to vote is an important civil right in many democracies. 

Rösträtten är en viktig medborgerlig rättighet i många demokratier.

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socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[adjektiv]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioekonomisk, socialekonomisk

socioekonomisk, socialekonomisk

Ex: The community center provides resources to support families facing socioeconomic challenges. 

Samhällscentret tillhandahåller resurser för att stödja familjer som möter socioekonomiska utmaningar.

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urbanization
urbanization
[Substantiv]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisering, stadsutveckling

urbanisering, stadsutveckling

Ex: The effects of urbanization include overcrowding and pollution. 

Effekterna av urbanisering inkluderar trångboddhet och förorening.

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suburban
suburban
[adjektiv]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

förortsmässig, utanför staden

förortsmässig, utanför staden

Ex: The suburban commute to the city took longer than expected due to heavy traffic. 
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to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginalisera, förbigå

marginalisera, förbigå

Ex: The education system inadvertently marginalizes students from low-income backgrounds, limiting their access to resources and opportunities. 

Utbildningssystemet marginaliserar oavsiktligt elever från låginkomstbakgrunder, vilket begränsar deras tillgång till resurser och möjligheter.

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minority
minority
[Substantiv]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoritet

minoritet

Ex: The city is home to several ethnic and religious minorities. 
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aristocracy
aristocracy
[Substantiv]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrati, adel

aristokrati, adel

Ex: Many members of the aristocracy were patrons of the arts. 

Många medlemmar av aristokratin var konstmecenater.

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royalty
royalty
[Substantiv]

kings and queens and any member of their families

kunglig familj, adel

kunglig familj, adel

Ex: The film depicted the life of royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties. 

Filmen skildrade livet för kungafamiljen, med fokus på deras extravaganta livsstil och ceremoniella plikter.

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metropolis
metropolis
[Substantiv]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metropol, stor stad

metropol, stor stad

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infrastructure
infrastructure
[Substantiv]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infrastruktur, infrastrukturer

infrastruktur, infrastrukturer

Ex: Natural disasters often expose weaknesses in critical infrastructure. 

Naturkatastrofer avslöjar ofta svagheter i den kritiska infrastrukturen.

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utopian
utopian
[adjektiv]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopisk, idealistisk

utopisk, idealistisk

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of self-sufficient utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively. 

Socialister föreslog skapandet av självförsörjande utopiska samhällen där människor levde och arbetade samarbetsvilligt.

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legitimacy
legitimacy
[Substantiv]

the quality of being acceptable by the law

legitimitet

legitimitet

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civil disobedience
civil disobedience
[Substantiv]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

medborgerligt motstånd, passivt motstånd

medborgerligt motstånd, passivt motstånd

Ex: Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for civil disobedience as a means to peacefully resist racial discrimination and segregation. 

Martin Luther King Jr. förespråkade civil olydnad som ett sätt att fredligt motstå rasdiskriminering och segregation.

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to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

diskriminera

diskriminera

Ex: The law prohibits businesses from discriminating against customers based on their disability. 

Lagen förbjuder företag att diskriminera kunder baserat på deras funktionsnedsättning.

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to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitera, återställa

rehabilitera, återställa

Ex: She rehabilitates patients with physical injuries through specialized exercises. 

Hon rehabiliterar patienter med fysiska skador genom specialiserade övningar.

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outcast
outcast
[Substantiv]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

utstött, paria

utstött, paria

Ex: In some cultures, individuals with disabilities were historically treated as outcasts. 

I vissa kulturer behandlades personer med funktionsnedsättning historiskt som utstötta.

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refugee
refugee
[Substantiv]

a person forced to leave their country or home to escape war, persecution, or serious danger

flykting,  asylsökande

flykting, asylsökande

Ex: He arrived as a refugee and later settled permanently in Canada. 
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indigenous
indigenous
[adjektiv]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

inhemsk,  urinfödd

inhemsk, urinfödd

Ex: Indigenous leaders are advocating for greater autonomy and recognition of their ancestral land rights. 

Urfolkets ledare förespråkar större autonomi och erkännande av deras ancestrala markrättigheter.

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patriarchal
patriarchal
[adjektiv]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarkalisk, faderlig

patriarkalisk, faderlig

Ex: The company's leadership remained largely patriarchal, with few women in executive positions. 

Företagets ledning förblev till stor del patriarkalisk, med få kvinnor i chefspositioner.

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humble
humble
[adjektiv]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

blygsam, ödmjuk

blygsam, ödmjuk

Ex: Growing up in a humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance. 

Att växa upp i ett anspråkslöst hushåll lärde henne värdet av hårt arbete och uthållighet.

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to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

assimilera, integrera

assimilera, integrera

Ex: The tourist tried to assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette. 

Turisten försökte assimilera sig till de lokala sedvänjorna genom att lära sig grundläggande hälsningar och bordsskick.

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commune
commune
[Substantiv]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

kommun

kommun

Ex: The commune organized a community clean-up day to improve the local park and surrounding areas. 

Kommunen organiserade en gemensam städdag för att förbättra den lokala parken och omgivande områden.

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outskirts
outskirts
[Substantiv]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

utkant, förort

utkant, förort

Ex: The outskirts of the town are known for their beautiful landscapes, with rolling hills and open fields that attract nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. 

Stadens utkant är känd för sina vackra landskap, med böljande kullar och öppna fält som lockar naturälskare och friluftsentusiaster.

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parish
parish
[Substantiv]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

församling, kyrkogemenskap

församling, kyrkogemenskap

Ex: The priest serves several villages within the parish. 
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cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[adjektiv]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

kosmopolitisk

kosmopolitisk

Ex: The cosmopolitan festival celebrated cultural diversity with vibrant performances. 

Den kosmopolitiska festivalen hyllade kulturell mångfald med livfulla uppträdanden.

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humanitarian
humanitarian
[adjektiv]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

humanitär, välgörande

humanitär, välgörande

Ex: The doctor's approach to care was deeply humanitarian. 

Läkarens tillvägagångssätt för vård var djupt humanitärt.

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classist
classist
[adjektiv]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

klassistisk, diskriminerande baserat på social klass

klassistisk, diskriminerande baserat på social klass

Ex: The film depicted the struggles of working-class families and highlighted the classist attitudes they often encounter in society. 

Filmen skildrade arbetarklassfamiljernas kamp och belyste de klassistiska attityder de ofta möter i samhället.

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caste
caste
[Substantiv]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kast, kastsystem

kast, kastsystem

Ex: Caste-based discrimination can limit opportunities for individuals and perpetuate social stratification and exclusion. 

Diskriminering baserad på kast kan begränsa möjligheter för individer och föreviga social stratifiering och uteslutning.

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echelon
echelon
[Substantiv]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

nivå, rang

nivå, rang

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb the echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success. 

Många unga yrkesverksamma strävar efter att klättra i hierarkierna inom sina respektive områden för att uppnå större erkännande och framgång.

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station
station
[Substantiv]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rang, social ställning

rang, social ställning

Ex: Social station once strongly influenced whom people could marry. 
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rat race
rat race
[Substantiv]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

ekorrhjul, ständig jakt på framgång

ekorrhjul, ständig jakt på framgång

Ex: They moved abroad to escape the rat race and spend more time with their children. 

De flyttade utomlands för att komma bort från ekorrhjulet och få mer tid med barnen.

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