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Humanités ACT - Sciences Sociales

Apprenez le vocabulaire des sciences humaines de l'ACT pour les sciences sociales, y compris la société, le comportement, les institutions, les communautés, la recherche et l'étude des relations humaines et des modèles sociaux.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

ségrégation

ségrégation

Ex: Laws enforcing segregation affected public transportation. 

Les lois imposant la ségrégation affectaient les transports publics.

theory of mind

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

théorie de l'esprit, compréhension de l'esprit

théorie de l'esprit, compréhension de l'esprit

Ex: The development of theory of mind is considered a significant milestone in cognitive and social development. 

Le développement de la théorie de l'esprit est considéré comme une étape importante dans le développement cognitif et social.

bureaucracy

a system of administration organized through departments, defined responsibilities, formal procedures, and hierarchical authority

bureaucratie,  administration bureaucratique

bureaucratie, administration bureaucratique

Ex: As the company expanded, it developed a more formal bureaucracy. 
activism

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activisme

activisme

Ex: Activism played a crucial role in the civil rights movement, leading to significant legislative changes. 

L'activisme a joué un rôle crucial dans le mouvement des droits civiques, conduisant à des changements législatifs significatifs.

agency
agency
[nom]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agence, pouvoir d'agir

agence, pouvoir d'agir

Ex: Students in the program are encouraged to develop agency by taking ownership of their learning. 
clan
clan
[nom]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: As the eldest member of the clan, she held a place of honor and respect during family gatherings. 
chiefdom

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

chefferie, système de chefferie

chefferie, système de chefferie

Ex: Archaeologists discovered artifacts that suggest the ancient civilization was organized as a chiefdom. 

Les archéologues ont découvert des artefacts qui suggèrent que l'ancienne civilisation était organisée en chefferie.

collective

a group of people organized to work together for a shared purpose or activity

collectif,  collectivité

collectif, collectivité

Ex: The filmmakers formed a collective to produce low-budget documentaries. 
to census
to census
[verbe]

to officially count and collect information about the members of a population

recenser, faire le recensement

recenser, faire le recensement

Ex: Researchers censused the birds living on the island. 
demographic

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

segment démographique

segment démographique

Ex: Researchers are studying the spending habits of this particular demographic. 

Les chercheurs étudient les habitudes de dépenses de cette démographie particulière.

status quo

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: He is content with the status quo and sees no need for immediate reform. 

Il est satisfait du statu quo et ne voit pas la nécessité d'une réforme immédiate.

industrialization

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialisation, développement industriel

industrialisation, développement industriel

Ex: Developing countries often undergo stages of industrialization as they transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones. 

Les pays en développement passent souvent par des étapes d'industrialisation lors de leur transition d'économies agraires à des économies industrialisées.

militant
militant
[Adjectif]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militant

militant

Ex: The militant activists clashed with police during the demonstration, resulting in several arrests. 

Les activistes militants ont affronté la police lors de la manifestation, ce qui a entraîné plusieurs arrestations.

nonconformity

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

non-conformité

non-conformité

Ex: The artist's work is celebrated for its nonconformity to conventional artistic styles and techniques. 

Le travail de l'artiste est célébré pour sa non-conformité aux styles et techniques artistiques conventionnels.

progressive
progressive
[Adjectif]

favoring new ideas, methods, and change rather than traditional ones

progressiste,  novateur

progressiste, novateur

Ex: Rachel introduced several progressive management practices at the company. 
socialization

the process of learning the values, behavior, and norms expected within a society or group

socialisation

socialisation

Ex: School contributes significantly to socialization during childhood. 
civilization

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilisation

civilisation

Ex: Modern civilization relies heavily on technology and global communication. 

La civilisation moderne dépend fortement de la technologie et de la communication mondiale.

ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

Ex: She takes pride in her ethnicity and loves sharing her cultural traditions. 

Elle est fière de son ethnicité et adore partager ses traditions culturelles.

civil right

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

droit civil, liberté fondamentale

droit civil, liberté fondamentale

Ex: The right to privacy is considered a civil right in many countries. 

Le droit à la vie privée est considéré comme un droit civil dans de nombreux pays.

socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Adjectif]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioéconomique, socio-économique

socioéconomique, socio-économique

Ex: Socioeconomic status can impact educational opportunities and outcomes. 

Le statut socioéconomique peut avoir un impact sur les opportunités et les résultats éducatifs.

urbanization

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanisation, périurbanisation

urbanisation, périurbanisation

Ex: The country’s urbanization rate has increased in recent years. 

Le taux d'urbanisation du pays a augmenté ces dernières années.

suburban
suburban
[Adjectif]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

de banlieue, banlieusard

de banlieue, banlieusard

Ex: Many families prefer suburban living for its sense of community and access to amenities. 
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginaliser

marginaliser

Ex: People of color are often marginalized in mainstream media, leading to underrepresentation and stereotypes. 

Les personnes de couleur sont souvent marginalisées dans les médias grand public, ce qui conduit à une sous-représentation et à des stéréotypes.

minority

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorité

minorité

Ex: They discussed how to ensure equal opportunities for all, including minority members. 
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

aristocratie

Ex: Throughout history, the aristocracy has held significant political power. 

Aristocratie a détenu un pouvoir politique significatif tout au long de l'histoire.

royalty
royalty
[nom]

kings and queens and any member of their families

membre de la famille royale

membre de la famille royale

Ex: The ceremony was attended by royalty from several countries, adding to its grandeur. 

La cérémonie a été assistée par la royauté de plusieurs pays, ajoutant à sa grandeur.

metropolis

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

métropole

métropole

infrastructure

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infrastructure

infrastructure

Ex: Poor infrastructure in rural areas limits access to healthcare and education. 

La infrastructure médiocre dans les zones rurales limite l'accès aux soins de santé et à l'éducation.

utopian
utopian
[Adjectif]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utopique

utopique

Ex: Their dream was to establish an isolated utopian commune free from the corruption of the outside world. 

Leur rêve était d'établir une commune utopique isolée, libre de la corruption du monde extérieur.

legitimacy

the quality of being acceptable by the law

légitimité

légitimité

civil disobedience

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

désobéissance civile, résistance passive

désobéissance civile, résistance passive

Ex: The civil rights movement in the United States used civil disobedience to resist racial segregation laws. 

Le mouvement des droits civiques aux États-Unis a utilisé la désobéissance civile pour résister aux lois de ségrégation raciale.

to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

faire de distinctions

faire de distinctions

Ex: It's illegal to discriminate against individuals based on their sexual orientation. 

Il est illégal de discriminer les individus en fonction de leur orientation sexuelle.

to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

réinsérer, désintoxiquer, rééduquer

Ex: After serving time in prison, the goal was to rehabilitate the offender and reintegrate them into society. 

Après avoir purgé une peine de prison, l'objectif était de réhabiliter le délinquant et de le réintégrer dans la société.

outcast
outcast
[nom]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, exclu

paria, exclu

Ex: He became an outcast in the community after expressing unpopular political views. 

Il est devenu un paria dans la communauté après avoir exprimé des opinions politiques impopulaires.

refugee
refugee
[nom]

a person forced to leave their country or home to escape war, persecution, or serious danger

réfugié, réfugiée

réfugié, réfugiée

Ex: Maria volunteered at a center that provides food and clothing to refugees. 
indigenous
indigenous
[Adjectif]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

autochtone,  indigène

autochtone, indigène

Ex: Indigenous communities often have a deep spiritual connection to the land, viewing it as sacred and integral to their identity. 

Les communautés autochtones ont souvent une profonde connexion spirituelle avec la terre, la considérant comme sacrée et essentielle à leur identité.

patriarchal
patriarchal
[Adjectif]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcale

patriarcal, patriarcale

Ex: Many traditional cultures have patriarchal family structures where the father holds primary authority. 

De nombreuses cultures traditionnelles ont des structures familiales patriarcales où le père détient l'autorité principale.

humble
humble
[Adjectif]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

modeste, humble

modeste, humble

Ex: She never forgot her humble origins, even after achieving great success in her career. 

Elle n'a jamais oublié ses origines humbles, même après avoir connu un grand succès dans sa carrière.

to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

s'assimiler, s'intégrer

s'assimiler, s'intégrer

Ex: The company encouraged new employees to assimilate quickly into its corporate culture by attending orientation programs. 

L'entreprise a encouragé les nouveaux employés à s'assimiler rapidement à sa culture d'entreprise en participant à des programmes d'orientation.

commune
commune
[nom]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

commune

commune

Ex: Each commune in France is responsible for providing basic services such as education and waste management to its residents. 

Chaque commune en France est responsable de fournir des services de base tels que l'éducation et la gestion des déchets à ses habitants.

outskirts

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

périphérie

périphérie

Ex: The new shopping center was built on the outskirts, making it a convenient destination for residents from nearby neighborhoods. 

Le nouveau centre commercial a été construit à la périphérie, ce qui en fait une destination pratique pour les résidents des quartiers voisins.

parish
parish
[nom]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

paroisse

paroisse

Ex: Each parish organizes events and activities to foster unity among its members. 
cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[Adjectif]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolite

cosmopolite

Ex: The conference attracted a cosmopolitan audience from various countries. 

La conférence a attiré un public cosmopolite de divers pays.

humanitarian
humanitarian
[Adjectif]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

humanitaire

humanitaire

Ex: The organization launched a humanitarian aid campaign. 

L'organisation a lancé une campagne d'aide humanitaire.

classist
classist
[Adjectif]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

classiste, discriminatoire en fonction de la classe sociale

classiste, discriminatoire en fonction de la classe sociale

Ex: Her classist remarks about people living in low-income neighborhoods were offensive and inappropriate. 

Ses remarques classistes sur les personnes vivant dans des quartiers à faible revenu étaient offensantes et inappropriées.

caste
caste
[nom]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

caste, classe sociale

caste, classe sociale

Ex: Caste discrimination remains a significant issue in many parts of the world, leading to social inequalities and injustices. 

La discrimination de caste reste un problème majeur dans de nombreuses parties du monde, entraînant des inégalités et des injustices sociales.

echelon
echelon
[nom]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

échelon, niveau

échelon, niveau

Ex: His promotion moved him into the top echelon of academic researchers in his field. 

Sa promotion l'a propulsé dans le échelon supérieur des chercheurs académiques dans son domaine.

station
station
[nom]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rang, position sociale

rang, position sociale

Ex: She married above her station, which caused quite a stir in their traditional community. 
rat race

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

course effrénée, course au succès

course effrénée, course au succès

Ex: The rat race was making her rich, but it was also making her miserable. 

Cette course effrénée la rendait riche, mais aussi profondément malheureuse.

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