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Humanidades ACT - Ciencias sociales

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las ciencias sociales, como "casta", "militante", "activismo", etc., que te ayudarán a superar tus ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
[Sustantivo]

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregación

segregación

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.El festival muestra música, comida y arte de diversas etnias alrededor del mundo.
theory of mind
[Sustantivo]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teoría de la mente, comprensión de la mente

teoría de la mente, comprensión de la mente

Ex: Effective communication often relies on a well-developed theory of mind to anticipate and respond to others' thoughts and feelings.La comunicación efectiva a menudo depende de una **teoría de la mente** bien desarrollada para anticipar y responder a los pensamientos y sentimientos de los demás.
bureaucracy
[Sustantivo]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

burocracia, aparato administrativo

burocracia, aparato administrativo

Ex: The bureaucracy requires multiple approvals for any major administrative changes .La **burocracia** universitaria requiere múltiples aprobaciones para cualquier cambio administrativo importante.
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: She has been involved activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .Ella ha estado involucrada en **el activismo** desde su adolescencia, abogando por la igualdad de género y los derechos de las mujeres.
agency
[Sustantivo]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agencia, capacidad de actuar

agencia, capacidad de actuar

Ex: The CEO 's strong leadership provided agency needed to steer the company through challenging times .El fuerte liderazgo del CEO proporcionó la **agencia** necesaria para dirigir la empresa en tiempos desafiantes.
clan
[Sustantivo]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: The wedding was a grand event , attended by members of clan from all over the country .La boda fue un gran evento, al que asistieron miembros del **clan** de todo el país.
chiefdom
[Sustantivo]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

cacicazgo, jefatura

cacicazgo, jefatura

Ex: The chiefdom system can be seen as a precursor to more centralized and bureaucratic forms of government.El sistema de **cacicazgo** puede verse como un precursor de formas de gobierno más centralizadas y burocráticas.
collective
[Sustantivo]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

colectivo

colectivo

Ex: The labor union acted as collective to negotiate fair wages and working conditions on behalf of its members .El sindicato actuó como un **colectivo** para negociar salarios justos y condiciones laborales en nombre de sus miembros.
to census
[Verbo]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

censar

censar

Ex: By the time they censusing the region , they had gathered comprehensive data on its population dynamics .Para cuando completaron el **censar** la región, habían reunido datos exhaustivos sobre la dinámica de su población.
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: Companies often tailor their products to appeal to a demographic.Las empresas a menudo adaptan sus productos para atraer a un **demográfico** específico.
status quo
[Sustantivo]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: The company ’s policy aims to preserve status quo in terms of employee benefits .La política de la empresa tiene como objetivo preservar el **statu quo** en términos de beneficios para los empleados.
industrialization
[Sustantivo]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialización, desarrollo industrial

industrialización, desarrollo industrial

Ex: Urbanization often industrialization, as people move to cities in search of employment in factories .La **industrialización** a menudo acompaña a la urbanización, ya que las personas se trasladan a las ciudades en busca de empleo en las fábricas.
militant
[Adjetivo]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militante

militante

Ex: militant rhetoric inflamed tensions among the community , leading to confrontations with opposing groups .
nonconformity
[Sustantivo]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

inconformidad

inconformidad

Ex: Philosophers often explore themes nonconformity in their critique of societal norms and values .Los filósofos a menudo exploran temas de **no conformidad** en su crítica de las normas y valores sociales.
progressive
[Adjetivo]

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

progresista, progresivo

progresista, progresivo

Ex: He 's progressive artist , pushing boundaries and challenging traditional norms through his work .Es un artista **progresivo**, empujando límites y desafiando las normas tradicionales a través de su trabajo.
socialization
[Sustantivo]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialización, integración social

socialización, integración social

Ex: socialization through social media platforms influences how people communicate and form relationships in the digital age .La **socialización** en línea a través de plataformas de redes sociales influye en cómo las personas se comunican y forman relaciones en la era digital.
civilization
[Sustantivo]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilización

civilización

Ex: The rise civilization in Mesopotamia marked the beginning of recorded history .El surgimiento de la **civilización** en Mesopotamia marcó el comienzo de la historia registrada.
ethnicity
[Sustantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia, etnicidad

etnia, etnicidad

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .El festival muestra música, comida y arte de diversas **etnias** de todo el mundo.
civil right
[Sustantivo]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

derecho civil, derecho fundamental

derecho civil, derecho fundamental

Ex: The right to vote is an civil right in many democracies .El derecho al voto es un **derecho civil** importante en muchas democracias.
socioeconomic
[Adjetivo]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioeconómico, socio-económico

socioeconómico, socio-económico

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .La organización sin fines de lucro se centra en mejorar las condiciones **socioeconómicas** en comunidades desatendidas.
urbanization
[Sustantivo]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanización, poblamiento urbano

urbanización, poblamiento urbano

Ex: The book discusses the history urbanization.El libro discute la historia de la **urbanización**.
suburban
[Adjetivo]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

suburbano

suburbano

Ex: Suburban schools are known for their high-quality education programs and extracurricular activities .Las escuelas **suburbanas** son conocidas por sus programas educativos de alta calidad y sus actividades extracurriculares.

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: marginalizing diverse perspectives , we limit our ability to address complex social issues effectively .Al **marginizar** diversas perspectivas, limitamos nuestra capacidad para abordar problemas sociales complejos de manera efectiva.
minority
[Sustantivo]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoría

minoría

Ex: He is researching the history minority communities in the area .Él está investigando la historia de las comunidades **minoritarias** en el área.
aristocracy
[Sustantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

aristocracia

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .**La aristocracia** se opuso a muchas reformas sociales que amenazaban sus privilegios.
royalty
[Sustantivo]

kings and queens and any member of their families

familia real, realeza

familia real, realeza

Ex: The film depicted the life royalty, highlighting their lavish lifestyle and ceremonial duties .La película representaba la vida de la **realeza**, destacando su estilo de vida lujoso y sus deberes ceremoniales.
metropolis
[Sustantivo]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metrópoli

metrópoli

infrastructure
[Sustantivo]

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

infraestructura

infraestructura

Ex: The earthquake damaged infrastructure, leaving thousands without electricity or clean water .El terremoto dañó la **infraestructura** crítica, dejando a miles de personas sin electricidad ni agua limpia.
utopian
[Adjetivo]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utópico

utópico

Ex: Socialists proposed the creation of utopian communities where people lived and worked cooperatively .Los socialistas propusieron la creación de comunidades **utópicas** autosuficientes donde las personas vivían y trabajaban cooperativamente.
legitimacy
[Sustantivo]

the quality of being acceptable by the law

legitimidad

legitimidad

civil disobedience
[Sustantivo]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

desobediencia civil, resistencia pasiva

desobediencia civil, resistencia pasiva

Ex: Participants in the protest engaged in acts civil disobedience by blocking access to government buildings .Los participantes en la protesta participaron en actos de **desobediencia civil** bloqueando el acceso a los edificios gubernamentales.

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

discriminar

discriminar

Ex: The school was criticized discriminating against students of certain religious backgrounds .La escuela fue criticada por **discriminar** a estudiantes de ciertos orígenes religiosos.

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitar

rehabilitar

Ex: The program rehabilitated many individuals who had struggled with substance abuse .El programa **rehabilitó** con éxito a muchas personas que habían luchado contra el abuso de sustancias.
outcast
[Sustantivo]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, marginado

paria, marginado

Ex: outcast found solace in the company of other marginalized individuals .El **marginado** encontró consuelo en la compañía de otros individuos marginados.
refugee
[Sustantivo]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugiado

refugiado

Ex: refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .La crisis de **refugiados** impulsó discusiones sobre ayuda humanitaria y responsabilidad global.
indigenous
[Adjetivo]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indígena,  autóctono

indígena, autóctono

Ex: Many indigenous languages are at risk of disappearing, prompting efforts to preserve and revitalize them.Muchos idiomas **indígenas** están en riesgo de desaparecer, lo que impulsa esfuerzos para preservarlos y revitalizarlos.
patriarchal
[Adjetivo]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcalista

patriarcal, patriarcalista

Ex: Patriarchal attitudes perpetuate gender stereotypes and inequalities in various aspects of life .Las actitudes **patriarcales** perpetúan los estereotipos y las desigualdades de género en varios aspectos de la vida.
humble
[Adjetivo]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

humilde, modesto

humilde, modesto

Ex: Growing up in humble household taught her the value of hard work and perseverance .Criarse en un hogar **humilde** le enseñó el valor del trabajo duro y la perseverancia.

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

asimilarse, integrarse

asimilarse, integrarse

Ex: The tourist tried assimilate into the local customs by learning basic greetings and dining etiquette .El turista intentó **asimilarse** a las costumbres locales aprendiendo saludos básicos y etiqueta en la mesa.
commune
[Sustantivo]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

comuna

comuna

Ex: Residents of commune voted in the local elections to choose their representatives on the council .Los residentes de la **comuna** votaron en las elecciones locales para elegir a sus representantes en el consejo.
outskirts
[Sustantivo]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

afueras, alrededores

afueras, alrededores

Ex: Commuting from outskirts to the city center can be challenging during rush hour , as traffic congestion often slows down travel times significantly .Desplazarse desde las **afueras** hasta el centro de la ciudad puede ser un desafío durante la hora punta, ya que la congestión del tráfico a menudo ralentiza significativamente los tiempos de viaje.
parish
[Sustantivo]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

feligresía

feligresía

Ex: parish celebrated its centennial anniversary with a special Mass and community picnic .La **parroquia** celebró su centenario con una misa especial y un picnic comunitario.
cosmopolitan
[Adjetivo]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita

cosmopolita

Ex: The university’s cosmopolitan student body fostered an environment of global understanding.El cuerpo estudiantil **cosmopolita** de la universidad fomentó un entorno de comprensión global.
humanitarian
[Adjetivo]

involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

humanitario

humanitario

Ex: Humanitarian initiatives focus on promoting human rights , alleviating poverty , and providing sustainable solutions to global challenges .Las iniciativas **humanitarias** se centran en promover los derechos humanos, aliviar la pobreza y proporcionar soluciones sostenibles a los desafíos globales.
classist
[Adjetivo]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

clasista, discriminatorio por clase social

clasista, discriminatorio por clase social

Ex: Activists are working to raise awareness about classist discrimination and promote more inclusive policies.Los activistas están trabajando para concienciar sobre la discriminación **clasista** y promover políticas más inclusivas.
caste
[Sustantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.Los esfuerzos para abordar la discriminación basada en la **casta** requieren medidas legislativas, reformas educativas y campañas de concienciación social para promover la igualdad y la inclusividad.
echelon
[Sustantivo]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

escalón, nivel

escalón, nivel

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to climb echelons of their respective fields to achieve greater recognition and success .Muchos jóvenes profesionales aspiran a escalar los **escalones** de sus respectivos campos para lograr un mayor reconocimiento y éxito.
station
[Sustantivo]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rango, posición social

rango, posición social

Ex: In the novel , the protagonist struggles to transcend his station and achieve his dreams .En la novela, el protagonista lucha por trascender su humilde **posición** y lograr sus sueños.
rat race
[Sustantivo]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

carrera de ratas, tren de la vida

carrera de ratas, tren de la vida

Ex: She has been stuck in rat race for years , working long hours and sacrificing her personal life for her career .Ella ha estado atrapada en la **carrera de ratas** durante años, trabajando largas horas y sacrificando su vida personal por su carrera.
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