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Humanidades ACT - Ciencias Sociales

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las ciencias sociales, como "casta", "militante", "activismo", etc., que te ayudarán a superar tus ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
segregation
segregation
[Sustantivo]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregación

segregación

Ex: Segregation in schools was common in the southern United States. 
theory of mind
theory of mind
[Sustantivo]

the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own

teoría de la mente, comprensión de la mente

teoría de la mente, comprensión de la mente

Ex: Researchers use various tasks, such as the "Sally-Anne test," to assess theory of mind in both children and adults. 
bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Sustantivo]

an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

burocracia, aparato administrativo

burocracia, aparato administrativo

Ex: Bureaucracy in healthcare administration can sometimes hinder patient care due to lengthy approval procedures. 
activism
activism
[Sustantivo]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

activismo

activismo

Ex: Her activism for environmental conservation has inspired many young people to join the cause. 
agency
agency
[Sustantivo]

the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

agencia, capacidad de actuar

agencia, capacidad de actuar

Ex: In literature, characters with agency drive the plot forward through their actions and decisions. 
clan
clan
[Sustantivo]

a large group of people who are related to each other

clan

clan

Ex: The entire clan gathered for the annual family reunion, filling the park with laughter and shared memories. 
chiefdom
chiefdom
[Sustantivo]

a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

cacicazgo, jefatura

cacicazgo, jefatura

Ex: In a chiefdom, the chief often inherits their position and wields considerable influence over the tribe's decision-making processes. 
collective
collective
[Sustantivo]

a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

colectivo

colectivo

Ex: The collective of artists collaborated to create a mural that reflected the diversity and unity within their community. 
to census
to census
[Verbo]

to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

censar

censar

Ex: The government censuses the population every ten years to gather vital demographic information. 
demographic
demographic
[Sustantivo]

the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

demográfico

demográfico

Ex: The new marketing strategy aims to target a younger demographic. 
status quo
status quo
[Sustantivo]

the situation or condition that is currently at hand

statu quo

statu quo

Ex: The committee decided to maintain the status quo rather than implementing new changes. 
industrialization
industrialization
[Sustantivo]

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

industrialización, desarrollo industrial

industrialización, desarrollo industrial

Ex: The Industrial Revolution marked a period of profound industrialization, introducing mechanized production methods. 
militant
militant
[Adjetivo]

displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

militante

militante

Ex: She was known for her militant stance on animal rights, often participating in protests and direct actions. 
nonconformity
nonconformity
[Sustantivo]

the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

inconformidad

inconformidad

Ex: His nonconformity to traditional gender roles made him a pioneer in advocating for gender equality. 
progressive
progressive
[Adjetivo]

supporting and encouraging positive change and advancement

progresista, progresivo

progresista, progresivo

Ex: She is known for her progressive views, always advocating for positive change and innovation. 
socialization
socialization
[Sustantivo]

the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences

socialización, integración social

socialización, integración social

Ex: Early childhood socialization plays a crucial role in shaping a person's personality and social skills. 
civilization
civilization
[Sustantivo]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilización

civilización

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[Sustantivo]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnia, etnicidad

etnia, etnicidad

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 
civil right
civil right
[Sustantivo]

any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics

derecho civil, derecho fundamental

derecho civil, derecho fundamental

Ex: Protecting civil rights ensures that every citizen has the opportunity to participate fully in society and enjoy equal access to employment, housing, and public services. 
socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Adjetivo]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

socioeconómico, socio-económico

socioeconómico, socio-económico

Ex: The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare. 
urbanization
urbanization
[Sustantivo]

the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

urbanización, poblamiento urbano

urbanización, poblamiento urbano

Ex: Rapid urbanization has changed many small towns. 
suburban
suburban
[Adjetivo]

characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

suburbano

suburbano

Ex: The suburban neighborhood was known for its quiet streets and spacious homes. 
to marginalize

to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance

marginar

marginar

Ex: Historically, indigenous communities have been marginalized and deprived of their land rights. 
minority
minority
[Sustantivo]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoría

minoría

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[Sustantivo]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

aristocracia

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 
royalty
royalty
[Sustantivo]

kings and queens and any member of their families

familia real, realeza

familia real, realeza

Ex: She admired the intricate crowns and jewelry worn by the royalty in historical portraits. 
metropolis
metropolis
[Sustantivo]

a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

metrópoli

metrópoli

infrastructure
infrastructure
[Sustantivo]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infraestructura

infraestructura

Ex: The government invested billions in rebuilding the nation's aging infrastructure. 
utopian
utopian
[Adjetivo]

referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

utópico

utópico

Ex: In his novel, Thomas More envisioned a utopian society based on principles of equality and common property. 
legitimacy
legitimacy
[Sustantivo]

the quality of being acceptable by the law

legitimidad

legitimidad

civil disobedience
civil disobedience
[Sustantivo]

the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest

desobediencia civil, resistencia pasiva

desobediencia civil, resistencia pasiva

Ex: Mahatma Gandhi employed civil disobedience as a strategy to challenge British colonial rule in India. 
to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

discriminar

discriminar

Ex: The company was accused of discriminating against women in its hiring practices. 
to rehabilitate

to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.

rehabilitar

rehabilitar

Ex: The program aimed to rehabilitate individuals with substance abuse issues, providing support for a drug-free life. 
outcast
outcast
[Sustantivo]

a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

paria, marginado

paria, marginado

Ex: After the scandal, she felt like an outcast among her former friends. 
refugee
refugee
[Sustantivo]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugiado

refugiado

Ex: The refugee camp provided shelter and basic necessities to displaced families. 
indigenous
indigenous
[Adjetivo]

relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

indígena,  autóctono

indígena, autóctono

Ex: The government implemented policies to protect the rights and traditions of indigenous peoples living in remote areas. 
patriarchal
patriarchal
[Adjetivo]

relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

patriarcal, patriarcalista

patriarcal, patriarcalista

Ex: The patriarchal society limited opportunities for women to participate in decision-making. 
humble
humble
[Adjetivo]

having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

humilde, modesto

humilde, modesto

Ex: Despite his humble beginnings, he rose to become a respected leader in the community. 
to assimilate

to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices

asimilarse, integrarse

asimilarse, integrarse

Ex: Immigrants often face challenges as they try to assimilate into a new society while preserving their cultural identity. 
commune
commune
[Sustantivo]

a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

comuna

comuna

Ex: The mayor of the commune held a town hall meeting to discuss the new public transportation plans. 
outskirts
outskirts
[Sustantivo]

the outer areas or parts of a city or town

afueras, alrededores

afueras, alrededores

Ex: Many families choose to live on the outskirts of the city to enjoy a quieter lifestyle while still having access to urban amenities. 
parish
parish
[Sustantivo]

an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

feligresía

feligresía

Ex: The parish is known for its strong sense of community and active involvement in local charities. 
cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[Adjetivo]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita

cosmopolita

Ex: The city’s cosmopolitan atmosphere made it a melting pot of diverse cultures. 
humanitarian
humanitarian
[Adjetivo]

showing concern for the well-being of people and acting to improve human welfare

humanitario

humanitario

Ex: She is known for her humanitarian work in disaster zones. 
classist
classist
[Adjetivo]

marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

clasista, discriminatorio por clase social

clasista, discriminatorio por clase social

Ex: The company's hiring practices were criticized as classist because they favored candidates from elite universities. 
caste
caste
[Sustantivo]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

casta

casta

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
echelon
echelon
[Sustantivo]

a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

escalón, nivel

escalón, nivel

Ex: She worked hard for years to reach the upper echelons of the corporate world. 
station
station
[Sustantivo]

a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society

rango, posición social

rango, posición social

Ex: Despite his humble station in life, he was respected for his integrity and hard work. 
rat race
rat race
[Sustantivo]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

carrera agotadora, competencia sin descanso

carrera agotadora, competencia sin descanso

Ex: He left the rat race and moved to a small town by the sea. 
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