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Vocabolario per IELTS Academic (Punteggio 5) - Biology

Qui, imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alla Biologia che sono necessarie per l'esame accademico IELTS di base.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
cell
[sostantivo]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

cellula

cellula

Ex: Cells are the building blocks of life , with each one containing a complex system of organelles and molecules .Le **cellule** sono i mattoni della vita, ognuna delle quali contiene un sistema complesso di organelli e molecole.
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organism
[sostantivo]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

Ex: A single-celled organism, such as an amoeba , can exhibit complex behaviors .Un **organismo** unicellulare, come un'ameba, può esibire comportamenti complessi.
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DNA
[sostantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA

DNA

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .Il **DNA** contiene le istruzioni per costruire le proteine nel corpo.
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RNA
[sostantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA

RNA

Ex: Scientists edited the RNA to correct a cellular malfunction .Gli scienziati hanno modificato l'**RNA** per correggere un malfunzionamento cellulare.
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gene
[sostantivo]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gene

gene

Ex: The study revealed that some genes could influence intelligence .Lo studio ha rivelato che alcuni **geni** potrebbero influenzare l'intelligenza.
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protein
[sostantivo]

a complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms

proteina, protide

proteina, protide

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evolution
[sostantivo]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evoluzione

evoluzione

Ex: Evolution has led to the incredible diversity of plants and animals we see on Earth today.**L'evoluzione** ha portato all'incredibile diversità di piante e animali che vediamo sulla Terra oggi.
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virus
[sostantivo]

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

virus

virus

Ex: Washing your hands can help prevent the spread of viruses.Lavarsi le mani può aiutare a prevenire la diffusione dei **virus**.
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bacteria
[sostantivo]

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

batteri

batteri

Ex: Proper handwashing helps prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses .Un corretto lavaggio delle mani aiuta a prevenire la diffusione di **batteri** e virus.
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fungus
[sostantivo]

a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms

fungo

fungo

Ex: Penicillin , a groundbreaking antibiotic , is derived from a type of fungus.La penicillina, un antibiotico rivoluzionario, è derivata da un tipo di **fungo**.
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antibody
[sostantivo]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

anticorpo

anticorpo

Ex: Drugs that weaken your immune system can lower antibody levels .I farmaci che indeboliscono il tuo sistema immunitario possono abbassare i livelli di **anticorpi**.
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hormone
[sostantivo]

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

ormone

ormone

Ex: Estrogen , a key hormone, influences female sexual development .L'estrogeno, un **ormone** chiave, influenza lo sviluppo sessuale femminile.
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nucleus
[sostantivo]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

nucleo

nucleo

Ex: Mutations in genes within the nucleus can lead to genetic disorders and diseases , affecting the normal function of cells and tissues .Le mutazioni nei geni all'interno del **nucleo** possono portare a disturbi genetici e malattie, influenzando la normale funzione delle cellule e dei tessuti.
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neuron
[sostantivo]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurone

neurone

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .L'apprendimento e la memoria dipendono dalla capacità dei **neuroni** di formare nuove connessioni.
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Vocabolario per IELTS Academic (Punteggio 5)
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