アカデミック IELTS (バンド 5 以下) - Biology

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

細胞

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

生物

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, 脱酸核酸

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

遺伝子, 遺伝的遺伝子

a complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms

タンパク質

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

進化

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

ウイルス

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

細菌, バクテリア

a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms

菌類, ファンガス

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

抗体, 免疫体

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

ホルモン, ホルモン物質

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

核

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

ニューロン