الأكاديمي IELTS (النطاق 5 وما دون) - Biology

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

خلية

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

كائن حي

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

حمض نووي, حمض الديوكسي ريبونوكليك

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

جين, جين وراثي

a complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms

بروتين

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

تطور

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

فيروس

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

بكتيريا, بكتيريات

a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms

فطر, مُروِّح

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

أجسام مضادة, مناعة

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

هرمون, مادة هرمونية

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

النواة

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

خَلِيَّة عَصَبِيَّة