مفردات لاختبار IELTS Academic (الدرجة 5) - علم الأحياء

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

an individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

a complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

an infectious agent that reproduces only inside living cells and can cause disease

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms

a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps neutralize harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body