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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 5) - Biología

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Biología que son necesarias para el examen académico básico de IELTS.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
cell
cell
[Sustantivo]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

célula

célula

Ex: The discovery of cells and the development of cell theory by scientists such as Robert Hooke and Theodor Schwann revolutionized our understanding of living organisms. 

El descubrimiento de las células y el desarrollo de la teoría celular por científicos como Robert Hooke y Theodor Schwann revolucionaron nuestra comprensión de los organismos vivos.

organism
organism
[Sustantivo]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

Ex: The rainforest teems with diverse organisms, from insects to mammals. 

La selva tropical está repleta de diversos organismos, desde insectos hasta mamíferos.

DNA
DNA
[Sustantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

ADN

ADN

Ex: DNA carries the information that determines traits like eye color and height. 

El ADN lleva la información que determina rasgos como el color de ojos y la altura.

RNA
RNA
[Sustantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

ARN

ARN

Ex: Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 use RNA as their genetic material. 

Los virus como el SARS-CoV-2 utilizan el ARN como material genético.

gene
gene
[Sustantivo]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gene

gene

Ex: She discovered that her gene pool had a unique mutation. 

Descubrió que su acervo génico tenía una mutación única.

protein
protein
[Sustantivo]

a complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms

proteína, protido

proteína, protido

Ex: Antibodies are proteins that help the immune system fight infections. 

Los proteínas son anticuerpos que ayudan al sistema inmunológico a combatir infecciones.

evolution
evolution
[Sustantivo]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evolución

evolución

Ex: The study of evolution helps scientists understand the diversity of life on Earth and how organisms are interconnected through common ancestry. 

El estudio de la evolución ayuda a los científicos a comprender la diversidad de la vida en la Tierra y cómo los organismos están interconectados a través de un ancestro común.

virus
virus
[Sustantivo]

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

virus

virus

Ex: The doctor said it was a virus, so antibiotics wouldn't help. 

El médico dijo que era un virus, así que los antibióticos no ayudarían.

bacteria
bacteria
[Sustantivo]

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

bacteria

bacteria

Ex: Yogurt contains beneficial bacteria that aid in digestion. 

El yogur contiene bacterias beneficiosas que ayudan en la digestión.

fungus
fungus
[Sustantivo]

a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms

hongo

hongo

Ex: The forest floor was dotted with various types of fungus, from mushrooms to mold. 

El suelo del bosque estaba salpicado de varios tipos de hongos, desde setas hasta moho.

antibody
antibody
[Sustantivo]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

anticuerpo

anticuerpo

Ex: Antibody tests find antibodies in your blood, showing past infections or vaccinations. 

Las pruebas de anticuerpos detectan anticuerpos en tu sangre, mostrando infecciones pasadas o vacunaciones.

hormone
hormone
[Sustantivo]

a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues

hormona

hormona

Ex: Thyroid hormones regulate energy use and body temperature. 

Las hormonas tiroideas regulan el uso de energía y la temperatura corporal.

nucleus
nucleus
[Sustantivo]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

núcleo

núcleo

Ex: Within the nucleus, there is a dense region called the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled into ribosomes. 

Dentro del núcleo, hay una región densa llamada nucléolo, donde el ARN ribosomal (ARNr) se sintetiza y se ensambla en ribosomas.

neuron
neuron
[Sustantivo]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurona

neurona

Ex: A single neuron can connect to thousands of other nerve cells. 

Una sola neurona puede conectarse a miles de otras células nerviosas.

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