an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own
细胞
an individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium
生物, 有机体
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses
DNA, 脱氧核糖核酸
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
核糖核酸, RNA
信使RNA提供构建特定蛋白质的代码。
(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality
基因, 遗传单位
a complex biological molecule made up of amino acids that performs crucial functions in living organisms
蛋白质, 蛋白
the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations
进化, 演化
an infectious agent that reproduces only inside living cells and can cause disease
(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
细菌
抗生素用于治疗由有害细菌引起的感染。
a plant-like organism that often grows on organic matter and has no flowers or leaves, such as moulds and mushrooms
真菌, 霉菌
某些类型的真菌被用于医学中以生产抗生素。
a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps neutralize harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses
抗体, 免疫球蛋白
a chemical substance produced in the body of living things influencing growth and affecting the functionality of cells or tissues
激素, 荷尔蒙物质
肾上腺素是一种应激激素，使身体准备好应对“战斗或逃跑”反应。
