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Salute e Malattia - Malattie e problemi mentali

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative a malattie mentali e problemi come "ansia", "schizofrenia" e "trauma".

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a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

ADHD

ADHD

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anorexia nervosa
[sostantivo]

an eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss

anoressia nervosa

anoressia nervosa

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anxiety
[sostantivo]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

ansia

ansia

Ex: Physical symptoms of anxiety include rapid heartbeat and sweating .I sintomi fisici dell'**ansia** includono battito cardiaco accelerato e sudorazione.
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battle fatigue
[sostantivo]

a post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare

battaglia fatica

battaglia fatica

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bipolar disorder
[sostantivo]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

disturbo bipolare

disturbo bipolare

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals with bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .Il supporto di amici, familiari e professionisti della salute mentale è essenziale affinché le persone con **disturbo bipolare** possano gestire efficacemente la loro condizione e migliorare la loro qualità di vita.
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a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

disturbo borderline di personalità

disturbo borderline di personalità

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals with borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .Con una terapia e un supporto appropriati, gli individui con **disturbo borderline di personalità** possono imparare a gestire i loro sintomi e migliorare la loro qualità di vita complessiva.
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breakdown
[sostantivo]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

esaurimento nervoso

esaurimento nervoso

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.L'intensa pressione accademica durante la settimana degli esami finali ha causato a diversi studenti di soffrire di **esaurimento nervoso**.
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bulimia
[sostantivo]

a mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight

bulimia

bulimia

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exhibitionism
[sostantivo]

compulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification

esibizionismo

esibizionismo

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gender dysphoria
[sostantivo]

the condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity

disforia di genere

disforia di genere

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hyperactivity
[sostantivo]

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

iperattività

iperattività

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hypochondria
[sostantivo]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

ipocondria

ipocondria

Ex: Support from mental health professionals , as well as education about the nature of hypochondria and its treatment options , can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life .Il supporto da parte dei professionisti della salute mentale, così come l'educazione sulla natura dell'**ipocondria** e le sue opzioni di trattamento, può aiutare le persone con questa condizione a gestire i loro sintomi e migliorare la loro qualità di vita.
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kleptomania
[sostantivo]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

cleptomania

cleptomania

Ex: Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals with kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors .Il supporto da parte di professionisti della salute mentale e gruppi di supporto può essere prezioso per gli individui con **cleptomania** nell'apprendere strategie di coping e nel prevenire ricadute in comportamenti di furto.
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manic depression
[sostantivo]

a chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs

depressione maniacale

depressione maniacale

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megalomania
[sostantivo]

a mental condition in which a person believes themselves to be more powerful and important than they actually are

megalomania

megalomania

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melancholia
[sostantivo]

a severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason

melanconia

melanconia

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catatonia
[sostantivo]

a mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans

catatonia

catatonia

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depression
[sostantivo]

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depressione

depressione

Ex: He spoke openly about his struggles with depression, hoping to help others .Ha parlato apertamente delle sue lotte con la **depressione**, sperando di aiutare gli altri.
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psychopathy
[sostantivo]

a serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy

psicopatia

psicopatia

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psychosis
[sostantivo]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psicosi

psicosi

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .**Psicosi** può essere un sintomo di vari disturbi della salute mentale, tra cui schizofrenia, disturbo bipolare e depressione grave.
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a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

disturbo psicosomatico

disturbo psicosomatico

Ex: Understanding the connection between psychological factors and physical symptoms is crucial for effectively managing psychosomatic disorders and improving overall well-being .Comprendere il legame tra fattori psicologici e sintomi fisici è cruciale per gestire efficacemente i **disturbi psicosomatici** e migliorare il benessere generale.
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pyromania
[sostantivo]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire

piromania

piromania

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schizophrenia
[sostantivo]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenia

schizofrenia

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a medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight

disturbo affettivo stagionale

disturbo affettivo stagionale

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an antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility

personalità sociopatica

personalità sociopatica

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an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people

complesso di inferiorità

complesso di inferiorità

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instability
[sostantivo]

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

instabilità

instabilità

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delirium
[sostantivo]

a state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things

delirio

delirio

Ex: The sports arena was a scene of delirium as the final whistle blew .L'arena sportiva era una scena di **delirio** quando è suonato il fischio finale.
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complex
[sostantivo]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

complesso

complesso

Ex: She struggled with a complex that caused her to avoid confrontation .Lei ha lottato con un **complesso** che la portava a evitare il confronto.
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mental disorder
[sostantivo]

a severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning

disturbo mentale

disturbo mentale

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monomania
[sostantivo]

an excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful

monomania

monomania

Ex: The novelist , known for his deep dives into subjects , was sometimes criticized for his apparent monomania on specific themes .Il romanziere, noto per i suoi profondi tuffi nei soggetti, a volte veniva criticato per la sua apparente **monomania** su temi specifici.
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nervous breakdown
[sostantivo]

a period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly

esaurimento nervoso

esaurimento nervoso

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neurosis
[sostantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

nevrosi

nevrosi

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .I sintomi della **nevrosi** possono includere sentimenti persistenti di tristezza, irritabilità e paura, spesso senza una causa chiara o razionale.
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a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

DOC

DOC

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .Farmaci come gli inibitori selettivi della ricaptazione della serotonina (SSRI) possono aiutare a gestire i sintomi del **disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo** alterando la chimica del cervello per ridurre i pensieri ossessivi e le compulsioni.
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orthorexia nervosa
[sostantivo]

an eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost

ortoressia nervosa

ortoressia nervosa

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paranoia
[sostantivo]

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoia

paranoia

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a mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them

complesso di persecuzione

complesso di persecuzione

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any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

disturbo di personalità

disturbo di personalità

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a mental condition in which a woman is depressed and anxious for a period of time after giving birth to a child

depressione postpartum

depressione postpartum

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a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

PTSD

PTSD

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .L'intervento e il supporto precoci sono cruciali per gli individui con **disturbo da stress post-traumatico**, poiché un trattamento tempestivo può migliorare significativamente i risultati e la qualità della vita.
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trauma
[sostantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Assistere a un disastro naturale può lasciare i sopravvissuti con un **trauma** duraturo e paura.
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shell shock
[sostantivo]

a type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars

nevrosi di guerra

nevrosi di guerra

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eating disorder
[sostantivo]

a mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little

disordine alimentare

disordine alimentare

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egomania
[sostantivo]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomania

egomania

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delusion
[sostantivo]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

fissazione

fissazione

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dementia
[sostantivo]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demenza

demenza

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form of dementia.La malattia di Alzheimer è una forma comune di **demenza**.
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a chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause

disturbo d'ansia generalizzato

disturbo d'ansia generalizzato

Ex: The persistent nature of generalized anxiety disorder can lead to fatigue and difficulty concentrating .La natura persistente del **disturbo d'ansia generalizzato** può portare a stanchezza e difficoltà di concentrazione.
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mania
[sostantivo]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mania

mania

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a disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions

sindrome di Münchhausen, disturbo fittizio

sindrome di Münchhausen, disturbo fittizio

Ex: Treatment for Munchausen syndrome may involve psychotherapy to address underlying psychological issues .Il trattamento della **sindrome di Munchausen** può includere la psicoterapia per affrontare problemi psicologici sottostanti.
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schizoid
[sostantivo]

a personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude

schizoide, personalità schizoide

schizoide, personalità schizoide

Ex: Laura 's independence and preference for solitude align with the features of schizoid.L'indipendenza di Laura e la sua preferenza per la solitudine si allineano con le caratteristiche dello **schizoide**.
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amnesia
[sostantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

amnesia

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senile dementia
[sostantivo]

a severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.

demenza senile

demenza senile

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a form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence

sindrome di Asperger, autismo ad alto funzionamento

sindrome di Asperger, autismo ad alto funzionamento

Ex: John's straightforward communication style is influenced by his Asperger's syndrome.Lo stile di comunicazione diretto di John è influenzato dalla sua **sindrome di Asperger**.
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bigorexia
[sostantivo]

a disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors

bigoressia, dismorfia muscolare

bigoressia, dismorfia muscolare

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a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

Disturbo da dismorfismo corporeo

Disturbo da dismorfismo corporeo

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .La diagnosi e il trattamento precoci del **disturbo di dismorfismo corporeo** sono essenziali per prevenire che la condizione impatti gravemente sulla qualità della vita e sulla salute mentale di un individuo.
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