pattern

Zdraví a Nemoci - Duševní nemoci a problémy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s duševními nemocemi a problémy, jako je „úzkost“, „schizofrenie“ a „trauma“.

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Words Related to Health and Sickness

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, hyperkinetická porucha

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, hyperkinetická porucha

anorexia nervosa
[Podstatné jméno]

an eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss

anorexie nervosa, anorektická porucha

anorexie nervosa, anorektická porucha

anxiety
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

úzkost, anxieta

úzkost, anxieta

battle fatigue
[Podstatné jméno]

a post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare

bojová únava, válčící únava

bojová únava, válčící únava

bipolar disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolární porucha, bipolární duševní porucha

bipolární porucha, bipolární duševní porucha

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, hraniční osobnostní porucha

hraniční porucha osobnosti, hraniční osobnostní porucha

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .
breakdown
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

nervové zhroucení, krizové období

nervové zhroucení, krizové období

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to breakdowns.
bulimia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight

bulimie, bulimická porucha

bulimie, bulimická porucha

exhibitionism
[Podstatné jméno]

compulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification

exhibicionismus, exhibicionismus (jako psychopatologický termín)

exhibicionismus, exhibicionismus (jako psychopatologický termín)

gender dysphoria
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity

genderová dysforie, dysforie pohlaví

genderová dysforie, dysforie pohlaví

hyperactivity
[Podstatné jméno]

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hyperaktivita, hyperčinnost

hyperaktivita, hyperčinnost

hypochondria
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hypochondrie, hypochondriáza

hypochondrie, hypochondriáza

Ex: Support from mental health professionals , as well as education about the nature hypochondria and its treatment options , can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life .
kleptomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

Kleptomanie, Kleptománie

Kleptomanie, Kleptománie

Ex: Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors .
manic depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs

manická deprese, bipolární porucha

manická deprese, bipolární porucha

megalomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person believes themselves to be more powerful and important than they actually are

megalomanie, megalomanství

megalomanie, megalomanství

melancholia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason

melancholie, depresivní stav

melancholie, depresivní stav

catatonia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans

katatonie, katatonický stav

katatonie, katatonický stav

depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

deprese, úzkostná porucha

deprese, úzkostná porucha

Ex: He spoke openly about his struggles depression, hoping to help others .
psychopathy
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy

psychopatie, psychopatologie

psychopatie, psychopatologie

psychosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychóza, psychotická porucha

psychóza, psychotická porucha

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .
psychosomatic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatická nemoc

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatická nemoc

Ex: Understanding the connection between psychological factors and physical symptoms is crucial for effectively psychosomatic disorders and improving overall well-being .
pyromania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire

pyromanie, psychická porucha závislá na zapalování

pyromanie, psychická porucha závislá na zapalování

schizophrenia
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenie, schizofrenní porucha

schizofrenie, schizofrenní porucha

a medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight

sezónní afektivní porucha, sezónní deprese

sezónní afektivní porucha, sezónní deprese

sociopathic personality
[Podstatné jméno]

an antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility

sociopatická osobnost, osobnost s antisociálním chováním

sociopatická osobnost, osobnost s antisociálním chováním

inferiority complex
[Podstatné jméno]

an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people

komplex méněcennosti, komplex inferiority

komplex méněcennosti, komplex inferiority

instability
[Podstatné jméno]

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

instabilita, nestabilita

instabilita, nestabilita

delirium
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things

delírium, šílenství

delírium, šílenství

Ex: The sports arena was a scene delirium as the final whistle blew .
complex
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

komplex, komplex emocí

komplex, komplex emocí

Ex: She struggled with complex that caused her to avoid confrontation .
mental disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning

duševní porucha, psychická porucha

duševní porucha, psychická porucha

monomania
[Podstatné jméno]

an excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful

monomanie, jednozámkovost

monomanie, jednozámkovost

Ex: The novelist , known for his deep dives into subjects , was sometimes criticized for his monomania on specific themes .
nervous breakdown
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly

nervový kolaps, nervové zhroucení

nervový kolaps, nervové zhroucení

neurosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosa, neuróza

neurosa, neuróza

Ex: Symptoms neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsessivně kompulzivní porucha, obsessivní porucha

obsessivně kompulzivní porucha, obsessivní porucha

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .
orthorexia nervosa
[Podstatné jméno]

an eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost

ortorexie nervóza, ortorexie

ortorexie nervóza, ortorexie

paranoia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

paranoia, paranoidní porucha

paranoia, paranoidní porucha

persecution complex
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them

persekuční komplex, komplex pronásledování

persekuční komplex, komplex pronásledování

personality disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

porucha osobnosti, osobnostní porucha

porucha osobnosti, osobnostní porucha

postpartum depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a woman is depressed and anxious for a period of time after giving birth to a child

poporodní deprese, poporodní úzkost

poporodní deprese, poporodní úzkost

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

posttraumatická stresová porucha, PTSD (posttraumatická stresová porucha)

posttraumatická stresová porucha, PTSD (posttraumatická stresová porucha)

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, psychické trauma

trauma, psychické trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with trauma and fear .
shell shock
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars

otřes z války, válečný šok

otřes z války, válečný šok

eating disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little

porucha příjmu potravy, stravovací porucha

porucha příjmu potravy, stravovací porucha

egomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomanie, egocentrismus

egomanie, egocentrismus

delusion
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

iluze, deluze

iluze, deluze

dementia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

dementia, demence

dementia, demence

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form dementia.
generalized anxiety disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause

generalisovaná úzkostná porucha, generalizovaná úzkostná porucha

generalisovaná úzkostná porucha, generalizovaná úzkostná porucha

Ex: The persistent nature generalized anxiety disorder can lead to fatigue and difficulty concentrating .
mania
[Podstatné jméno]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

manie, mánie

manie, mánie

munchausen syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions

Munchausenův syndrom, Sindrom Munchausena

Munchausenův syndrom, Sindrom Munchausena

Ex: Treatment Munchausen syndrome may involve psychotherapy to address underlying psychological issues .
schizoid
[Podstatné jméno]

a personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude

schizoid, schizoidní osobnost

schizoid, schizoidní osobnost

Ex: Laura 's independence and preference for solitude align with the features schizoid.
amnesia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnézie, zapomnění

amnézie, zapomnění

senile dementia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.

senilní demence, senilní dementia

senilní demence, senilní dementia

Asperger's syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence

Aspergerův syndrom, Aspergerův syndrom (forma autismu)

Aspergerův syndrom, Aspergerův syndrom (forma autismu)

Ex: John's straightforward communication style is influenced by his Asperger's syndrome.
bigorexia
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors

bigorexie, yndrom bigorexie

bigorexie, yndrom bigorexie

body dysmorphic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tělesná dysmorfofobie, porucha tělesného vnímání

tělesná dysmorfofobie, porucha tělesného vnímání

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .
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