pattern

Zdraví a Nemoci - Duševní Onemocnění a Problémy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s duševními nemocemi a problémy, jako jsou "úzkost", "schizofrenie" a "trauma".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD

porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou, ADHD

anorexia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
[Podstatné jméno]

an eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss

mentální anorexie, anorexia nervosa

mentální anorexie, anorexia nervosa

anxiety
anxiety
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

úzkost, úzkostná porucha

úzkost, úzkostná porucha

Ex: Generalized anxiety disorder involves chronic worry about everyday situations. 
battle fatigue
battle fatigue
[Podstatné jméno]

a post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare

bojová únava, posttraumatická stresová porucha

bojová únava, posttraumatická stresová porucha

bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolární porucha, maniodepresivní psychóza

bipolární porucha, maniodepresivní psychóza

Ex: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include periods of mania (elevated mood) and depression (low mood). 
borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
breakdown
breakdown
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

nervové zhroucení, nervový kolaps

nervové zhroucení, nervový kolaps

Ex: After months of stress at work, he experienced a nervous breakdown and had to take a leave of absence. 
bulimia
bulimia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight

bulimie, porucha příjmu potravy

bulimie, porucha příjmu potravy

exhibitionism
exhibitionism
[Podstatné jméno]

compulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification

exhibicionismus, sexuální vystavování

exhibicionismus, sexuální vystavování

gender dysphoria
gender dysphoria
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity

genderová dysforie, sexuální dysforie

genderová dysforie, sexuální dysforie

hyperactivity
hyperactivity
[Podstatné jméno]

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hyperaktivita, přemíra aktivity

hyperaktivita, přemíra aktivity

hypochondria
hypochondria
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hypochondrie, obavy o zdraví

hypochondrie, obavy o zdraví

Ex: Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious medical illness, despite no or minimal evidence of actual illness. 
kleptomania
kleptomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

kleptomanie, chorobná touha krást

kleptomanie, chorobná touha krást

Ex: Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary gain. 
manic depression
manic depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs

bipolární porucha, manická deprese

bipolární porucha, manická deprese

megalomania
megalomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological condition or personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of power, importance, or self-worth

megalomanie, blud velikášství

megalomanie, blud velikášství

Ex: The dictator's megalomania led him to believe he was destined to rule the world. 
melancholia
melancholia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason

melancholie

melancholie

catatonia
catatonia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans

katatonie, katatonický stav

katatonie, katatonický stav

depression
depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

deprese, melancholie

deprese, melancholie

Ex: After the breakup, he fell into a deep depression. 
psychopathy
psychopathy
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy

psychopatie, psychopatická porucha

psychopatie, psychopatická porucha

psychosis
psychosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychóza, psychotický stav

psychóza, psychotický stav

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
psychosomatic disorder
psychosomatic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatické onemocnění

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatické onemocnění

Ex: A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress. 
pyromania
pyromania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire

pyromanie, posedlost zakládáním požárů

pyromanie, posedlost zakládáním požárů

schizophrenia
schizophrenia
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizofrenie

schizofrenie

‌seasonal affective disorder

a medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight

sezónní afektivní porucha, sezónní deprese

sezónní afektivní porucha, sezónní deprese

sociopathic personality
sociopathic personality
[Podstatné jméno]

an antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility

sociopatická osobnost, antisociální porucha osobnosti

sociopatická osobnost, antisociální porucha osobnosti

inferiority complex
inferiority complex
[Podstatné jméno]

an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people

komplex méněcennosti, pocit méněcennosti

komplex méněcennosti, pocit méněcennosti

instability
instability
[Podstatné jméno]

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

nestabilita

nestabilita

delirium
delirium
[Podstatné jméno]

a state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things

delirium, nadšení

delirium, nadšení

Ex: Her delirium over the concert's surprise guest led to spontaneous dancing. 
complex
complex
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

komplex, skupina potlačených emocí

komplex, skupina potlačených emocí

Ex: His fear of failure was linked to a complex developed in childhood. 
mental disorder
mental disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning

duševní porucha, psychická nemoc

duševní porucha, psychická nemoc

monomania
monomania
[Podstatné jméno]

an excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful

monomanie, nadměrná posedlost

monomanie, nadměrná posedlost

Ex: His friends grew concerned when his love for vintage cars evolved into a clear monomania, causing him to neglect other aspects of his life. 
nervous breakdown
nervous breakdown
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly

nervové zhroucení, nervová krize

nervové zhroucení, nervová krize

neurosis
neurosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuróza, neurotická porucha

neuróza, neurotická porucha

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
orthorexia nervosa
orthorexia nervosa
[Podstatné jméno]

an eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost

ortorexie nervosa, posedlost zdravou výživou

ortorexie nervosa, posedlost zdravou výživou

paranoia
paranoia
[Podstatné jméno]

an unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you

paranoia, chorobná nedůvěra

paranoia, chorobná nedůvěra

Ex: He suffered from paranoia and trusted no one. 
persecution complex
persecution complex
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them

pronásledovací komplex, pronásledovací blud

pronásledovací komplex, pronásledovací blud

personality disorder
personality disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

porucha osobnosti, porucha charakteru

porucha osobnosti, porucha charakteru

postpartum depression
postpartum depression
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental health condition causing sadness, anxiety, or low mood after a woman gives birth

poporodní deprese, postpartální deprese

poporodní deprese, postpartální deprese

Ex: She sought help for postpartum depression after her baby was born. 
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

posttraumatická stresová porucha

posttraumatická stresová porucha

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
trauma
trauma
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, emocionální šok

trauma, emocionální šok

Ex: She sought therapy to help her cope with the emotional trauma from the car accident. 
shell shock
shell shock
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars

traumatický šok, válečná neuróza

traumatický šok, válečná neuróza

eating disorder
eating disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little

porucha příjmu potravy, porucha stravovacího chování

porucha příjmu potravy, porucha stravovacího chování

egomania
egomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomanie,  megalomanie

egomanie, megalomanie

delusion
delusion
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

blud,  iluze

blud, iluze

dementia
dementia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demence, kognitivní porucha

demence, kognitivní porucha

Ex: His grandmother was diagnosed with dementia and had trouble remembering simple tasks. 
generalized anxiety disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause

generalizovaná úzkostná porucha

generalizovaná úzkostná porucha

Ex: Sarah's generalized anxiety disorder manifests as constant worry and fear, impacting her daily life. 
mania
mania
[Podstatné jméno]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mánie

mánie

munchausen syndrome
munchausen syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions

Münchhausenův syndrom, faktická porucha

Münchhausenův syndrom, faktická porucha

Ex: Munchausen syndrome involves a pattern of seeking medical attention through deceptive means, such as faking illnesses. 
schizoid
schizoid
[Podstatné jméno]

a personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude

schizoid, schizoidní osobnost

schizoid, schizoidní osobnost

Ex: reg's difficulty expressing emotions is a manifestation of schizoid. 
amnesia
amnesia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnézie

amnézie

Ex: After the car accident she experienced temporary amnesia and could not remember the afternoon before the crash. 
senile dementia
senile dementia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.

senilní demence, stařecká demence

senilní demence, stařecká demence

Asperger's syndrome
Asperger's syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence

Aspergerův syndrom, vysoce funkční autismus

Aspergerův syndrom, vysoce funkční autismus

Ex: Mark, diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, excels in academics but struggles with social cues. 
bigorexia
bigorexia
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors

bigorexie, svalová dysmorfie

bigorexie, svalová dysmorfie

body dysmorphic disorder
body dysmorphic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tělesná dysmorfická porucha, dysmorfofobie

tělesná dysmorfická porucha, dysmorfofobie

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
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